Science and technology in Italy

Leonardo da Vinci, a polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect[1]
Galileo Galilei, an astronomer, physicist, engineer, and polymath, played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. He is considered the father of observational astronomy,[2] modern physics,[3] the scientific method,[4] and modern science.[5]

Science and technology in Italy has a long presence, from the Roman era and the Renaissance. Through the centuries, it has made many significant inventions and discoveries in biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and other sciences. In 2019, Italy was the world's sixth-highest producer of scientific articles, publishing more than 155,000 documents.[6] From 1996 to 2000, it published two million.[7] It ranked 26th in the Global Innovation Index for 2024.[8]

  1. ^ Kemp, Martin (2003). "Leonardo da Vinci". Grove Art Online. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T050401. ISBN 978-1-884446-05-4. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  2. ^ Singer, C. (1941). "A Short History of Science to the Nineteenth Century". Clarendon Press: 217.
  3. ^ Whitehouse, D. (2009). Renaissance Genius: Galileo Galilei & His Legacy to Modern Science. Sterling Publishing. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-4027-6977-1.
  4. ^ Thomas Hobbes: Critical Assessments, Volume 1. Preston King. 1993. p. 59
  5. ^ Disraeli, I. (1835). Curiosities of Literature. W. Pearson & Company. p. 371.
  6. ^ "Scimago Journal & Country Rank - 2019". Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  7. ^ "Scimago Journal & Country Rank". Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  8. ^ World Intellectual Property Organization (2024). Global Innovation Index 2024. Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship. Geneva. p. 18. doi:10.34667/tind.50062. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 22 October 2024. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)