Second Severn Crossing

Prince of Wales Bridge Pont Tywysog Cymru (Welsh) (Second Severn Crossing)
The bridge as viewed from Severn Beach (England)
Coordinates	51°34′28″N 2°42′06″W / 51.5745°N 2.7016°W / 51.5745; -2.7016 (Prince of Wales Bridge (approximate midpoint))
Carries	M4 motorway (6 lanes)
Crosses	River Severn
Locale	South West England / South East Wales
Official name	Prince of Wales Bridge (since 2 July 2018)
Other name(s)	Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren or Pont Tywysog Cymru
Named for	River Severn or Charles, Prince of Wales
Maintained by	National Highways[1][2]
Characteristics
Design	Central span: Cable-stayed bridge Approach viaducts: Segmental bridge
Total length	5,128 metres (16,824 ft)
Width	34.6 metres (113.5 ft)
Height	137 metres (449 ft)
Longest span	456 metres (1,496 ft)
Clearance below	37 metres (121 ft)
History
Architect	Ronald Weeks of the Percy Thomas Partnership
Engineering design by	Halcrow Group and SEEE [fr]
Opened	5 June 1996; 28 years ago (5 June 1996)
Statistics
Daily traffic	61,455 (2008)[3]
Toll	Free
Location

The Second Severn Crossing (Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren), officially named the Prince of Wales Bridge (Welsh: Pont Tywysog Cymru) since July 2018, is the M4 motorway bridge over the River Severn between England and Wales, opened in 1996 to supplement the traffic capacity of the Severn Bridge built in 1966. The bridge is operated by England's National Highways. It has a total length of 5,128 metres (16,824 ft).

It is southwest of the Severn Bridge and because it is more closely in line with the rest of the M4, it reduces the length of the journey between England and Wales. The junctions at each end are designed for most traffic to use this crossing, and in order to use the old Severn Bridge, one has to leave the M4 at junction 21 and join the M48 near Aust or at junction 23 near Magor. The new crossing carries more traffic than the Severn Bridge, which is still in use. It is wider than the Severn Bridge, having three lanes and a narrow hard shoulder each way, compared to the two lanes, cycle path and narrow footpath of the original crossing. It is a cable-stayed bridge, whereas the Severn Bridge is a suspension bridge. The position of the bridge is close to that of the Severn Tunnel, which has carried the railway line beneath the river bed since 1886.

Much of the estuary is mudflats at low tide, but at high tide these can be covered by as much as 14 metres (46 ft) of water. This presented the engineers with a constraint: packets of work were scheduled at low tide, and needed to be completed within the short windows allowed by the tides.

The concession given to the consortium which financed, built and operate the bridge required them to take over the outstanding debt on the original Severn Bridge and to operate the two bridges as a single entity. Tolls were set annually by the government based on the previous year's change in the Retail Price Index. On the expiry of the concession in January 2018, the consortium was required to hand the bridge over to public ownership. The tolls on both bridges were subsequently scrapped in December 2018.