Seferberlik

The Seferberlik[a] (from Ottoman Turkish: سفربرلك, lit. 'mobilisation'; Arabic: النفير العام, romanized: Alnafeer AlAm [ʔlnfjr ʔlʕaːm]) was the mobilisation effected by the late Ottoman Empire during the Second Balkan War of 1913 and World War I from 1914 to 1918, which involved the forced conscription of Lebanese, Palestinian, Syrian, and Kurdish men to fight on its behalf[1] as well as the deportation of 'numerous Lebanese & Syrian & Kurdish families' (5,000 according to one contemporary account) to Anatolia under Djemal (Cemal) Pasha's orders.[2] Lebanese Syrians and Kurdish men accused of desertion were executed, and some 300,000 of the Arabs and Kurds who stayed behind died in the Lebanon famine, as Lebanon and Syria lost 75 to 90 percent of their crop production.[3] Prostitution and cannibalism were also mentioned in reports or memoirs written after the end of the war.


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  1. ^ Farschid, Olaf; Kropp, Manfred; Dähne, Stephan (2006). The first World War as remembered in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean. Orient-Institut. p. 15. ISBN 9783899135145.
  2. ^ Majāʻiṣ, Salīm (2004). Antoun Saadeh: The youth years. Kutub. p. 101. ISBN 9789953417950.
  3. ^ Shoup, John A. (25 October 2018). The History of Lebanon & Syria. Abc-Clio. p. 100. ISBN 9781440858352.