In mathematics, a Seifert surface (named after German mathematician Herbert Seifert[1][2]) is an orientable surface whose boundary is a given knot or link.
Such surfaces can be used to study the properties of the associated knot or link. For example, many knot invariants are most easily calculated using a Seifert surface. Seifert surfaces are also interesting in their own right, and the subject of considerable research.
Specifically, let L be a tame oriented knot or link in Euclidean 3-space (or in the 3-sphere). A Seifert surface is a compact, connected, oriented surface S embedded in 3-space whose boundary is L such that the orientation on L is just the induced orientation from S.
Note that any compact, connected, oriented surface with nonempty boundary in Euclidean 3-space is the Seifert surface associated to its boundary link. A single knot or link can have many different inequivalent Seifert surfaces. A Seifert surface must be oriented. It is possible to associate surfaces to knots which are not oriented nor orientable, as well.
- ^ Seifert, H. (1934). "Über das Geschlecht von Knoten". Math. Annalen (in German). 110 (1): 571–592. doi:10.1007/BF01448044. S2CID 122221512.
- ^ van Wijk, Jarke J.; Cohen, Arjeh M. (2006). "Visualization of Seifert Surfaces". IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics. 12 (4): 485–496. doi:10.1109/TVCG.2006.83. PMID 16805258. S2CID 4131932.