Class of protein kinase enzymes
serine
threonine
phosphate
phosphoserine
A serine/threonine protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.- ) is a kinase enzyme , in particular a protein kinase , that phosphorylates the OH group of the amino-acid residues serine or threonine , which have similar side chains. At least 350 of the 500+ human protein kinases are serine/threonine kinases (STK).[ 2]
In enzymology , the term serine/threonine protein kinase describes a class of enzymes in the family of transferases , that transfer phosphates to the oxygen atom of a serine or threonine side chain in proteins . This process is called phosphorylation . Protein phosphorylation in particular plays a significant role in a wide range of cellular processes and is a very important post-translational modification .[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
The chemical reaction performed by these enzymes can be written as
ATP + a protein
⇌
{\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
ADP + a phosphoprotein
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and a protein , whereas its two products are ADP and phosphoprotein .
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:protein phosphotransferase (non-specific) .
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^ Wang Y, Hofmann TG, Runkel L, Haaf T, Schaller H, Debatin K, Hug H (2001). "Isolation and characterization of cDNAs for the protein kinase HIPK2". Biochim. Biophys. Acta . 1518 (1–2): 168–72. doi :10.1016/S0167-4781(00)00308-0 . PMID 11267674 .