Serratia

Serratia
Serratia marcescens, a typical species, on XLD agar.[4]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enterobacterales
Family: Yersiniaceae
Genus: Serratia
Bizio, 1823[1][2]
Species

S. aquatilis[3]
S. entomophila
S. ficaria
S. fonticola
S. glossinae[3]
S. grimesii
S. liquefaciens
S. marcescens
S. myotis[3]
S. nematodiphila
S. odorifera
S. plymuthica
S. proteamaculans
S. quinivorans
S. rubidaea
S. symbiotica
S. ureilytica[3]
S. vespertilionis[3]

Serratia is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.[5] They are typically 1–5 μm in length, do not produce spores,[6] and can be found in water, soil, plants, and animals.[7] Some members of this genus produce a characteristic red pigment, prodigiosin, and can be distinguished from other members of the order Enterobacterales by their unique production of three enzymes: DNase (nucA), lipase, and gelatinase (serralysin).[5] Serratia was thought to be a harmless environmental bacteria until it was discovered that the most common species in the genus, S. marcescens, is an opportunistic pathogen of many animals, including humans.[5] In humans, S. marcescens is mostly associated with nosocomial, or hospital-acquired, infections, but can also cause urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and endocarditis.[8] S. marcescens is frequently found in showers, toilet bowls, and around wet tiles as a pinkish to red biofilm but only causes disease in immunocompromised individuals. Aside from S. marcescens, some rare strains of the Serratia species – S. plymuthica, S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, and S. odoriferae – have been shown to cause infection such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis.[9]

  1. ^ Bizio (B.): Lettera di Bartolomeo Bizio al chiarissimo canonico Angelo Bellani sopra il fenomeno della polenta porporina. Biblioteca Italiana o sia Giornale di Letteratura, Scienze e Arti (Anno VIII), 1823, 30, 275-295. link.
  2. ^ "Serratia". In: List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Created by J.P. Euzéby in 1997. Curated by A.C. Parte since 2013. Available on: http://www.bacterio.net. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d e LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
  4. ^ Images courtesy of CDC Accessed 7 July 2011.
  5. ^ a b c Khanna, Ashish; Khanna, Menka; Aggarwal, Aruna (February 2013). "Serratia Marcescens- A Rare Opportunistic Nosocomial Pathogen and Measures to Limit its Spread in Hospitalized Patients". Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 7 (2): 243–246. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2013/5010.2737. ISSN 2249-782X. PMC 3592283. PMID 23543704.
  6. ^ "Enterobacteriaceae" (PDF). Louisiana Department of Health. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  7. ^ Fusco, Vincenzina; Abriouel, Hikmate; Benomar, Nabil; Kabisch, Jan; Chieffi, Daniele; Cho, Gyu-Sung; Franz, Charles M. A. P. (1 January 2018). "Chapter 10 - Opportunistic Food-Borne Pathogens". In Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai; Holban, Alina Maria (eds.). Food Safety and Preservation. Academic Press. pp. 269–306. ISBN 978-0-12-814956-0.
  8. ^ Greenberg, Leo (November 1978). "Serratia Marcescens in Human Affairs". Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy. 12 (11): 674–679. doi:10.1177/106002807801201106. ISSN 0012-6578. PMID 10297265. S2CID 25400762.
  9. ^ "Serratia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology". Medscape. 11 November 2019.