Sexism

A woman under arrrest walking between two policemen
Suffragette organizations campaigned for women's right to vote.

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects women and girls.[1] It has been linked to gender roles and stereotypes,[2][3] and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another.[4] Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of sexual violence.[5][6] Discrimination in this context is defined as discrimination toward people based on their gender identity[7] or their gender or sex differences.[8] An example of this is workplace inequality.[8] Sexism refers to violation of equal opportunities (formal equality) based on gender or refers to violation of equality of outcomes based on gender, also called substantive equality.[9] Sexism may arise from social or cultural customs and norms.[10]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Discrimination Against Women was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Matsumoto, David (2001). The Handbook of Culture and Psychology. Oxford University Press. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-19-513181-9.
  3. ^ Nakdimen, K. A. (1984). "The Physiognomic Basis of Sexual Stereotyping". American Journal of Psychiatry. 141 (4): 499–503. doi:10.1176/ajp.141.4.499. PMID 6703126.
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference Schaefer 2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Forcible Rape Institutionalized Sexism in the Criminal Justice System| Gerald D. Robin Division of Criminal Justice, University of New Haven
  6. ^ Masequesmay, Gina (January 5, 2024). "Sexism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 19, 2024.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference Macklem 2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Lenhart 2004 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.
  10. ^ Macfarlane, Christina; Coppack, Sean; Masters, James (September 12, 2019). "FIFA must act after death of Iran's 'Blue Girl,' says activist". CNN. Retrieved June 20, 2020.