In organizations, shadow IT refers to information technology (IT) systems deployed by departments other than the central IT department, to bypass[1] limitations and restrictions that have been imposed by central information systems.[2] While it can promote innovation and productivity, shadow IT introduces security risks and compliance concerns, especially when such systems are not aligned with corporate governance.[3]
^Handel, Mark J.; Poltrock, Steven (2011). "Working around official applications: experiences from a large engineering project". CSCW '11: Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. pp. 309–312. doi:10.1145/1958824.1958870. S2CID2038883.[1]