Map of the Shajing culture ( ). The City of Xiutu () was about 20km north of Wuwei, and about 500km from Guyuan and its Great Wall built by King Zhao of Qin in 271 BCE (), and by Qin Shihuang (circa 210 BCE, ) | |
Geographical range | Gansu |
---|---|
Dates | 800/700–100 BCE.[1] |
Type site | Shajing 沙井村 (Minqin County) 39°05′43″N 100°16′00″E / 39.095264°N 100.266670°E [2] |
Major sites | Liuhudong (Minqin County) Hamadun (Yongchang County)[3] |
Preceded by | Machang culture (2200-2000 BCE)[1] Xichengyi culture (2000-1600 BCE)[1] |
Followed by | Xiongnu (King Xiutu, 150-121 BCE) Western Han dynasty (121 BCE-) |
The Shajing culture (Ch: 沙井文化, 800/700–100 BCE),[1][7] is an ancient Iron Age culture in the area of Gansu, to the northwest of the Central Plains of China. The village of Shajing is about 250 km northwest of Wuwei, while the village of Yushugou, another important Shajing site, is about 140 km to its southeast. The Shajing culture is closely associated to the Saka culture of the Xinjiang, the Ordos culture of Inner Mongolia and the Upper Xiajiadian culture of Liaoning.[8] It was a culture essentially based on pastoral nomadism.[8] As of 2017, seven sites had been excavated and almost as many fortified settlements built with walls of compacted loess.[9]
The Saka culture in Xinjiang, the Shajing culture in Gansu, the Ordos complex in Inner Mongolia, and the Upper Xiajiadian culture of Liaoning, all point to a transition from mixed agropastoral to predominantly or exclusively pastoral nomadic cultures. From the seventh century onwards, objects related to improved horse management and horse riding, such as the bit, cheekpieces, horse masks, and bell ornaments, became ever more widespread and sophisticated.
The Shajing culture of the Early Iron Age. The sites of this culture have been discovered in the central part of Gansu Province (China). Seven big burial grounds and almost the same amount of fortified settlements (with walls made of compacted loess) have been excavated. Painted pottery, associated with the local tradition of Neolithic-Early Bronze Age, has been found at the early sites, but the Scythian-like artifacts constitute the core of this culture. This makes it possible to clarify the chronological limits of the culture as 900-400 BC, but probably with the later specific dates. Different suggestions have been made concerning the ethnic origins of the "Shajing people," who may have some connections with the Tocharian-speaking Yuezhi, the proto-Tibetean Qiang and Rong, or even with the Iranian Wusuns. The Shajing culture might have emerged from the interaction of all these (or close) ethnic and cultural components.