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Shakala Shaka (Sanskrit: शाकल शाखा; IAST: Śākala Śākhā), is the oldest shakha (from skt. śākhā f. "branch" or "recension") of the Rigveda. The Śākala tradition is mainly followed in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh. The Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali refers to 21 śākhās of the Rigveda; however, according to Śaunaka's Caraṇa-vyuha there are five śākhās for the Rigveda: the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalayana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana, of which only the Śākala and Bāṣkala and very few of the Aśvalayana are now extent. The only complete recension of this text known today is of the Śākala School.[1] As far as the Rigveda is concerned only Śākala Śākhā is preserved out of 21 which existed at one time. There is a claim that Śaṅkhāyana Śākhā is still known to a few Vedapathis in Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat but this is not certain.[2]
The main saṃhitā for Śākala Sākhā is the Śākala Saṃhitā and the corresponding brahmana is Aitareya Brāhmaṇa. The main Upaniṣat of the Śākala Śākhā is Aitareya Upaniṣat. The Śrauta Sūtram for Śākala Shākhā is Āśvalāyaṇa Śrauta Sūtra and the Gṛhya Sutra is Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtram. The Āraṇyaka of Śākala Śākhā is Aitareya Āraṇyaka.[3][1][4][1][5][6]
- ^ a b c Dalal 2014, p. 18.
- ^ Kireet Joshi (1991). The Veda and Indian Culture: An Introductory Essay. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 91. ISBN 9788120808898.
- ^ Dalal 2014, p. 61.
- ^ Laurie L. Patton (27 June 2005). Bringing the Gods to Mind: Mantra and Ritual in Early Indian Sacrifice. University of California Press. p. 200. ISBN 9780520930889. Retrieved 27 June 2005.
- ^ Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, ed. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXIX, "The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies", part 1, Oxford, The Clarendon Press 1886
- ^ Hermann Oldenberg, trans., Max Müller, trans. Sacred Books of the East Vol. XXX, "The Grihya-sûtras, rules of Vedic domestic ceremonies", part 2, Oxford, The Clarendon Press 1892