| Emperor Ming of Later Zhao 後趙明帝 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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.jpg) Ming dynasty depiction of Shi Le from "Shi Le Reverencing a Buddhist Monk" (石勒問道圖), formerly attributed to Qian Xuan. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of Later Zhao | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c.March 330[1] – 333 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Shi Hong | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 274 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 333 (aged 59) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | Gaoping Mausoleum (高平陵) | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| House | Shi | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Later Zhao | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Zhouhezhu | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Lady Wang | ||||||||||||||||||||
Shi Le (Chinese: 石勒; 274 –17 August 333[2]), courtesy name Shilong, also known by his posthumous name as the Emperor Ming of Later Zhao, was the founding emperor of the Jie-led Later Zhao dynasty of China.[3] He was initially sold as a slave by Western Jin officials, but after attaining freedom, he helped start a rebellion and eventually became a powerful general for the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty, conquering most of northern China in Han-Zhao's name but holding the territory under his own control. In 319, after a dispute with the Han-Zhao emperor Liu Yao, he broke away from Han and formed his own state, Later Zhao (named as such due to Liu Yao changing his state's name from Han to Zhao, which is distinguished as the Former Zhao). In 321, he defeated Duan Pidi, the last remaining Jin power in northern China besides Murong Hui, and in 329 he captured Liu Yao and conquered the Han-Zhao, adding western China to his empire as well. For the next 21 years, the Later Zhao would dominate northern China.
Shi Le is notably the only emperor in Chinese history to have risen from the status of slave. He was known as a brilliant general, but was criticized by historians for excessive cruelty during his campaigns. He also put too much power in the hands of his ambitious and even more ferocious nephew Shi Hu who, after Shi Le's death, seized power from Shi Le's son Shi Hong. Additionally, Shi Le was an important figure in the rise of Buddhism in 4th-century China, as he allowed the Kuchan monk, Fotudeng to wield considerable influence in his court.
- ^ 2nd month of the 5th year of the Xian'he era, per vol.94 of Zizhi Tongjian. The month corresponds to 6 Mar to 4 Apr 330 in the Julian calendar.
- ^ wu'chen day of the 7th month of the 8th year of the Xian'he era, per vol.95 of Zizhi Tongjian
- ^ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 57–58. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.