Shia Islamism

Khomeini in the 1970s
Emblem of Iran, symbol of Shia islamism
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Shia Islamism is the usage of Shia Islam in politics. Most study and reporting on Islamism has been focused on Sunni Islamist movements.[note 1] Shia Islamism, a previously very small ideology, was boosted after the Iranian Revolution led by Ruhollah Khomeini, whose Shia Islamist policies became known as Khomeinism.[2][3][note 2]

Though a minority of the world Muslim community, Twelver Shias form the majority of the population in the countries of Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, Azerbaijan,[4] half the Muslims in Lebanon, and substantial minorities in Afghanistan, India, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Syria, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates.[5]

Islamism in general has been defined as a religious revivalist movement for a return to the original texts and the inspiration of the original believers of Islam, but one which requires Islam to be a "political system".[6][7][8][9][10]

  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Valbjørn-POMEPS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 2
  3. ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. 168
  4. ^ Samadov, Bahruz (18 July 2022). "Will new Azerbaijani Islamist movement share the fate of its predecessors?". Eurasia Net. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism". BBC News. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  6. ^ Roy, Failure of Political Islam, 1994: p. viii
  7. ^ "Islamism – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
  8. ^ Megoran, Nick (2009). "Theocracy". International encyclopedia of human geography. N. J. Thrift, Rob Kitchin. Amsterdam. ISBN 9780080449104. OCLC 496521377.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  9. ^ Tibi, Bassam (2007-03-01). "The Totalitarianism of Jihadist Islamism and its Challenge to Europe and to Islam". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 8 (1): 35–54. doi:10.1080/14690760601121630. ISSN 1469-0764.
  10. ^ Bale, Jeffrey M. (2009-06-01). "Islamism and Totalitarianism". Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions. 10 (2): 73–96. doi:10.1080/14690760903371313. ISSN 1469-0764. S2CID 14540501.


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