Shill

A shill, also called a plant or a stooge, is a person who publicly helps or gives credibility to a person or organization without disclosing that they have a close relationship with said person or organization, or have been paid to do so. Shills can carry out their operations in the areas of media, journalism, marketing, politics, sports, confidence games, cryptocurrency, or other business areas. A shill may also act to discredit opponents or critics of the person or organization in which they have a vested interest.^[1]^[2]

In most uses, shill refers to someone who purposely gives onlookers, participants or "marks" the impression of an enthusiastic customer independent of the seller, marketer or con artist, for whom they are secretly working. The person or group in league with the shill relies on crowd psychology to encourage other onlookers or audience members to do business with the seller or accept the ideas they are promoting. Shills may be employed by salespeople and professional marketing campaigns. Plant and stooge more commonly refer to a person who is secretly in league with another person or outside organization while pretending to be neutral or part of the organization in which they are planted, such as a magician's audience, a political party, or an intelligence organization (see double agent).^{[citation needed]}

Shilling is illegal in many circumstances and under many jurisdictions^[3] because of the potential for fraud and damage. However, if a shill does not place uninformed parties at a risk of loss, the shill's actions may be legal. For example, a person planted in an audience to laugh and applaud when desired (see claque), or to participate in on-stage activities as a "random member of the audience", is a legal type of shill.^[4]

^ "Shill Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-23.
^ Curzan, Anne; Emmons, Kimberly (February 13, 2012). Studies in the History of the English Language II: Unfolding Conversations (2nd ed.). Germany: De Gruyter. p. 90. ISBN 9783110897661.
^ FTC v. Greeting Cards of America, Inc. (S.D. Fla. 2004), Text.
^ Underwood, John (10 January 2013). Expert Character Assassination. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-300-62249-9.

[1] "Shill Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-06-23.

[2] Curzan, Anne; Emmons, Kimberly (February 13, 2012). Studies in the History of the English Language II: Unfolding Conversations (2nd ed.). Germany: De Gruyter. p. 90. ISBN 9783110897661.

[3] FTC v. Greeting Cards of America, Inc. (S.D. Fla. 2004), Text.

[:1-4] Underwood, John (10 January 2013). Expert Character Assassination. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-300-62249-9.

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