| Shoshenq III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Shoshenq III, standing on the boat "msktt", the boat of the night, with the god Atum. From his tomb in Tanis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | c. 841–c. 803/799 BC (or c. 831–c. 791/788 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Osorkon II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Shoshenq IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Consort | Tentamenopet Tadibaste Djededbastesankh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | Ankhnes-Shoshenq Bakennefy A Pashedbaste B Takelot C Padebehenebaste Shoshenq IV? Pami I? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | c. 803/799 BC (or c. 791/788 BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Burial | NRT V, Tanis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | 22nd Dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The modern designation Shoshenq III refers to King Usermaatre Setepenre Shoshenq Sibaste Meryamun Netjerheqaon,[4] who reigned for about four decades, c. 841–c. 803/799 BC [5] or c. 831–c. 791/788 BC.[6] His highest attested regnal year is Year 39.[7] Although he apparently retained control of Tanis and, for the most part, of Bubastis and Memphis, for most of his long reign, Shoshenq III had to reckon with rival kings in parts of the country.[8]
Recent scholarship has corrected a number of earlier assumptions about the reign of Shoshenq III Sibaste. He was long thought to be the successor of Takelot II Siese and predecessor of Pami I Sibaste, and to have reigned for 52 years on the basis of the burial of a 26-year-old Apis Bull, installed in Year 28 of Shoshenq III, in Year 2 of Pami I.[9] It is now recognized that an additional king, designated Shoshenq IV, Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq Sibaste Meryamun Netjerheqaon, reigned between Shoshenq III and Pami for at least a decade, and that Shoshenq III and Shoshenq IV reigned for 52 years altogether.[10] Further, most Egyptologists now agree that Takelot II Siese did not intervene as king between Osorkon II Sibaste and Shoshenq III, but reigned as a rival or regional king, apparently somewhere in Upper Egypt, from the last years of Osorkon II Sibaste until Year 22 of Shoshenq III; therefore, Shoshenq III Sibaste was the direct successor of Osorkon II Sibaste.[11]
- ^ Leprohon 2013: 149.
- ^ Leprohon 2013: 149-150.
- ^ Leprohon 2013: 150.
- ^ Leprohon 2013: 149-150.
- ^ Krauss 2006: 408-411; Aston 2009: 22-25; Krauss 2015: 338-340; Mladjov 2017: 15, n. 95; this dating prioritizes the astrochronological matches for the reign of Shoshenq III's contemporary Takelot II.
- ^ Aston 2009: 25-28; Dodson 2012: 198; Payraudeau 2020: 34-35; this dating prioritizes reducing the period of time between Takelot III and the Kushite king Piye.
- ^ Jansen-Winkeln 2006: 244.
- ^ Dodson 2012: 113-128; Payraudeau 2020: 130-142.
- ^ Gardiner 1961: 334; Kitchen 1996: 100-103, 348.
- ^ Rohl 1990; Dodson 1993; Kitchen 1996: xxv-xxvi; Jansen-Winkeln 2006: 244-245; Dodson 2012: 127-128; Payraudeau 2020: 142-143.
- ^ Aston 1989; Jansen-Winkeln 2006: 242-243, 250-251; Aston 2009: 1-3; Dodson 2012: 117, 198; Payraudeau 2014: 71; Payraudeau 2020: 136.