Siege of Raisen

This article is about a siege in the 1540s. For a battle in the 1520s, see Battle of Chanderi.

Siege of Raisen
DateJuly 1542 – January 1543
Location
Raisen
Result Sur victory
Belligerents
Sur Empire Chanderi Rajputs[1]
Commanders and leaders
Sher Shah Suri Puran Mal Executed
Strength
Unknown Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown 10,000 Abd al-Qadir Badayuni's claim[2]

The siege of Raisen was a six-month siege led by Sher Shah Suri of the Sur Dynasty in 1543 against the Rajput[3] leader, Raja Puran Mal of Chanderi.[4] At the end of the siege, Puran Mal surrendered to Sher Shah and was executed thereafter.[5][6][7][8]

In 1542, Sher Shah had conquered Malwa and proceeded towards Chanderi to annex the region.[4][9] Mal had rebelled because Sher Shah had transferred him to Benares as part of his administration policy.[5][10] Shortly after, Sher Shah besieged the fort, and Puran Mal surrendered in January 1543[11] and was later executed by Sher Shah.[12][13]

The ensuing siege lasted several months, but in the end heavy Afghan bombardment forced Puran Mal to seek accommodation, and on Sher Shah giving him a solemn assurance that he "shall suffer no injury in property or person", the Raja came out of Raisen with his family and retinue.

Sher Shah and his army withdrew as agreed. However, along the way, he encountered widows of the chiefs of Chanderi and many others who demanded justice for the tyrannies they had suffered under the rule of Puran Mal. Sher Shah's army took notice of this as well and demanded he took action. As a result, Sher Shah ordered Isa Khan Hajjab to lead a forced march that caught up with the retreating detachment of Puran Mal.[14][15] As Abbas Sarwani describes the scene, when the Afghans surrounded his camp, Puran Mal went "into the tent of his beloved wife, Ratnavali, who sang Hindi melodies very sweetly, cut off her head," and ordered his captains also to slay their women and children. "While the Hindus were employed in putting their women and families to death, the Afghans on all sides commenced the slaughter of the Hindus. Puran Mal and his companions... failed not to exhibit valour and gallantry, but in the twinkling of an eye all were slain." Only a few women and children among the Rajputs survived. A daughter of Puran Mal who fell to the Afghans was given to minstrels to be brought up as a dancing girl; three of his young nephews were castrated.[16]

  1. ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
  2. ^ The Wonder That Is Urdu De Krishna S. Dhir p 58
  3. ^ Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9.
  4. ^ a b Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 181. ISBN 978-81-269-0123-4.
  5. ^ a b Agrawal, Ashvini (1983). Studies in Mughal History. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 68. ISBN 978-81-208-2326-6.
  6. ^ Luard, Charles Eckford; Ali (Munshi.), Kudrat (1908). Bhopal State Gazetteer ...: Text and Tables. Superintendent Government Printing, India. p. 114.
  7. ^ Pal, Vijay Kumar (2023-01-30). JAUHAR: in Indian Sub-Continent. Shashwat Publication. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-93-93557-80-3.
  8. ^ Srivastava, Ashirbadi Lal (1950). Sher Shah and His Successors. B. L. Jain. p. 45.
  9. ^ Bose, Saikat K. (2015-06-20). Boot, Hooves and Wheels: And the Social Dynamics behind South Asian Warfare. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-84464-54-7.
  10. ^ Mehta, Jl. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 170. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3.
  11. ^ Singh. The Pearson Indian History Manual for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Pearson Education India. ISBN 978-81-317-1753-0.
  12. ^ Kennedy, Pringle (1905). A History of the Great Moghuls: Or, A History of the Badshahate of Delhi from 1398 A.D. to 1739, with an Introduction Concerning the Mongols and Moghuls of Central Asia. Thacker, Spink. p. 212.
  13. ^ Matta, Basheer Ahmad Khan (2005). Sher Shah Suri: A Fresh Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-19-597882-7.
  14. ^ Khan, Sir Zulfiqar Ali (1925). Sher Shah Suri, Emperor of India. Printed at the "Civil and Military Gazette" Press. p. 53-56.
  15. ^ Matta, Basheer Ahmad Khan (2005). Sher Shah Suri: A Fresh Perspective. Oxford University Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-19-597882-7.
  16. ^ Eraly, Abraham (2002) [First published 1997]. Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2.