A signal passed at danger (SPAD)[1]: 75 is an event on a railway where a train passes a stop signal without authority.[2] This is also known as running a red, in the United States as a stop signal overrun (SSO)[3] and in Canada as passing a stop signal.[4] SPAD is defined by Directive 2014/88/EU as any occasion when any part of a train proceeds beyond its authorised movement.[5] Unauthorised movement means to pass:[5]
- a semaphore or trackside colour light signal at danger, or an order to STOP where a train protection system is not operational,
- the end of a safety related movement authority provided in a train protection system,
- a point communicated by written or verbal authorisation laid down in regulations,
- hand signals or stop boards excluding buffer stops.
- ^ "Canadian Rail Operating Rules" (PDF). Transport Canada. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ "Signals Passed at Danger". ORR.gov.uk. Office of Rail and Road. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
- ^ Multer, Jordan; Safar, Hadar; Roth, Emilie; France, Megan (June 2019). Why do Passenger Trains Pass Stop Signals – A Systems View (PDF) (Report). Washington, DC: Federal Railroad Administration. DOT/FRA/ORD-19/19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ Hersman, Deborah. "Texting: Tomorrow's Unacceptable Behavior". National Transportation Safety Board. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ a b "L_2014201EN.01000901.xml". eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 20 September 2024.