Silane

This article is about the compound with chemical formula SiH4. For the broader classes of compounds, see Silanes.
Silane
Stereo structural formula of silane
Ball-and-stick model of silane
Ball-and-stick model of silane
Spacefill model of silane
Spacefill model of silane
Names
IUPAC name
Silane
Systematic IUPAC name
Silicane
Other names
  • Monosilane
  • Silicon(IV) hydride
  • Silicon tetrahydride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.331 Edit this at Wikidata
273
RTECS number
  • VV1400000
UNII
UN number 2203
  • InChI=1S/SiH4/h1H4 checkY
    Key: BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/SiH4/h1H4
    Key: BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYAE
  • [SiH4]
Properties
H4Si
Molar mass 32.117 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Repulsive[1]
Density 1.313 g/L[2]
Melting point −185 °C (−301.0 °F; 88.1 K)[2]
Boiling point −111.9 °C (−169.4 °F; 161.2 K)[2]
Reacts slowly[2]
Vapor pressure >1 atm (20 °C)[1]
Conjugate acid Silanium (sometimes spelled silonium)
Structure
Tetrahedral
r(Si-H) = 1.4798 Å[3]
0 D
Thermochemistry[4]
42.81 J/mol·K
204.61 J/mol·K
34.31 kJ/mol
56.91 kJ/mol
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Extremely flammable, pyrophoric in air, toxic
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS06: Toxic
Danger
H220
P210, P222, P230, P280, P377, P381, P403, P410+P403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazards (white): no code
2
4
3
Flash point Not applicable, pyrophoric gas
~ 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K)
Explosive limits 1.37–100%
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 None[1]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 5 ppm (7 mg/m3)[1]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[1]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0564
Related compounds
Related tetrahydride compounds
 Methane
Germane
Stannane
Plumbane
Related compounds
 Phenylsilane
Vinylsilane
Disilane
Trisilane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Silane (Silicane) is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SiH4. It is a colorless, pyrophoric, toxic gas with a sharp, repulsive, pungent smell, somewhat similar to that of acetic acid.[5] Silane is of practical interest as a precursor to elemental silicon. Silane with alkyl groups are effective water repellents for mineral surfaces such as concrete and masonry. Silanes with both organic and inorganic attachments are used as coupling agents. They are commonly used to apply coatings to surfaces or as an adhesion promoter.[6]

  1. ^ a b c d e NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0556". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  2. ^ a b c d Haynes, p. 4.87
  3. ^ Haynes, p. 9.29
  4. ^ Haynes, p. 5.14
  5. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
  6. ^ London, Gábor; Carroll, Gregory T.; Feringa, Ben L. (2013). "Silanization of quartz, silicon and mica surfaces with light-driven molecular motors: construction of surface-bound photo-active nanolayers". Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. 11 (21): 3477–3483. doi:10.1039/c3ob40276b. ISSN 1477-0520. PMID 23592007. S2CID 33920329.