Sindbis virus

Sindbis virus
CryoEM model of Sindbis virus. EMDB entry EMD-2374[1]
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Martellivirales
Family: Togaviridae
Genus: Alphavirus
Species:
Sindbis virus

Sindbis virus (SINV) is a member of the Togaviridae family, in the Alphavirus genus. The virus was first isolated in 1952 in Cairo, Egypt.[2] The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes (Culex and Culiseta). SINV is linked to Pogosta disease[3] (Finland), Ockelbo disease (Sweden) and Karelian fever (Russia). In humans, the symptoms include arthralgia, rash and malaise. Sindbis virus is widely and continuously found in insects and vertebrates in Eurasia, Africa, and Oceania. Clinical infection and disease in humans however has almost only been reported from Northern Europe (Finland, Sweden, Russian Karelia), where SINV is endemic and where large outbreaks occur intermittently. Cases are occasionally reported in Australia, China, and South Africa.[4]

SINV is an arbovirus, it is arthropod-borne, and it is maintained in nature by transmission between vertebrate (bird) hosts and invertebrate (mosquito) vectors. Humans are infected with Sindbis virus when bitten by an infected mosquito.

  1. ^ Cao, S.; Zhang, W. (2013). "Characterization of an early-stage fusion intermediate of Sindbis virus using cryoelectron microscopy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (33): 13362–13367. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11013362C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301911110. PMC 3746934. PMID 23898184.
  2. ^ Ling J, Smura T, Lundström JO, Pettersson JH, Sironen T, Vapalahti O, Lundkvist Å, Hesson JC (30 July 2019). "Introduction and Dispersal of Sindbis Virus from Central Africa to Europe". J Virol. 93 (16): e00620-19. doi:10.1128/JVI.00620-19. PMC 6675900. PMID 31142666.
  3. ^ Kurkela S, Manni T, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O. Causative agent of Pogosta disease isolated from blood and skin lesions, Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Published 2004 May. (accessed 2007-10-16)
  4. ^ "Facts about Sindbis fever". European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Retrieved 7 September 2021.