Single-molecule magnet

Not to be confused with Molecule-based magnet.

A single-molecule magnet (SMM) is a metal-organic compound that has superparamagnetic behavior below a certain blocking temperature at the molecular scale. In this temperature range, an SMM exhibits magnetic hysteresis of purely molecular origin.[1][2] In contrast to conventional bulk magnets and molecule-based magnets, collective long-range magnetic ordering of magnetic moments is not necessary.[2]

Although the term "single-molecule magnet" was first employed in 1996,[3] the first single-molecule magnet, [Mn12O12(OAc)16(H2O)4] (nicknamed "Mn12") was reported in 1991.[4][5][6] This manganese oxide compound features a central Mn(IV)4O4 cube surrounded by a ring of 8 Mn(III) units connected through bridging oxo ligands, and displays slow magnetic relaxation behavior up to temperatures of ca. 4 K.[7][8]

Efforts in this field primarily focus on raising the operating temperatures of single-molecule magnets to liquid nitrogen temperature or room temperature in order to enable applications in magnetic memory. Along with raising the blocking temperature, efforts are being made to develop SMMs with high energy barriers to prevent fast spin reorientation.[9] Recent acceleration in this field of research has resulted in significant enhancements of single-molecule magnet operating temperatures to above 70 K.[10][11][12][13]

  1. ^ Christou, George; Gatteschi, Dante; Hendrickson, David N.; Sessoli, Roberta (2011). "Single-Molecule Magnets". MRS Bulletin. 25 (11): 66–71. doi:10.1557/mrs2000.226. ISSN 0883-7694.
  2. ^ a b Introduction to Molecular Magnetism by Dr. Joris van Slageren.
  3. ^ Aubin, Sheila M. J.; Wemple, Michael W.; Adams, David M.; Tsai, Hui-Lien; Christou, George; Hendrickson, David N. (1996). "Distorted MnIVMnIII3Cubane Complexes as Single-Molecule Magnets". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118 (33): 7746. doi:10.1021/ja960970f.
  4. ^ Caneschi, Andrea; Gatteschi, Dante; Sessoli, Roberta; Barra, Anne Laure; Brunel, Louis Claude; Guillot, Maurice (1991). "Alternating current susceptibility, high field magnetization, and millimeter band EPR evidence for a ground S = 10 state in [Mn12O12(Ch3COO)16(H2O)4].2CH3COOH.4H2O". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 113 (15): 5873. doi:10.1021/ja00015a057.
  5. ^ Sessoli, Roberta; Tsai, Hui Lien; Schake, Ann R.; Wang, Sheyi; Vincent, John B.; Folting, Kirsten; Gatteschi, Dante; Christou, George; Hendrickson, David N. (1993). "High-spin molecules: [Mn12O12(O2CR)16(H2O)4]". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (5): 1804–1816. doi:10.1021/ja00058a027. ISSN 0002-7863.
  6. ^ Sessoli, R.; Gatteschi, D.; Caneschi, A.; Novak, M. A. (1993). "Magnetic bistability in a metal-ion cluster". Nature. 365 (6442): 141–143. Bibcode:1993Natur.365..141S. doi:10.1038/365141a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 4235125.
  7. ^ Lis, T. (1980). "Preparation, structure, and magnetic properties of a dodecanuclear mixed-valence manganese carboxylate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 36 (9): 2042. doi:10.1107/S0567740880007893.
  8. ^ Chemistry of Nanostructured Materials; Yang, P., Ed.; World Scientific Publishing: Hong Kong, 2003.
  9. ^ Spree, Lukas; Popov, Alexey A. (2019-02-26). "Recent advances in single molecule magnetism of dysprosium-metallofullerenes". Dalton Transactions. 48 (9): 2861–2871. doi:10.1039/C8DT05153D. ISSN 1477-9234. PMC 6394203. PMID 30756104.
  10. ^ Guo, Fu-Sheng; Day, Benjamin M.; Chen, Yan-Cong; Tong, Ming-Liang; Mansikkamäki, Akseli; Layfield, Richard A. (2017-09-11). "A Dysprosium Metallocene Single-Molecule Magnet Functioning at the Axial Limit". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56 (38): 11445–11449. doi:10.1002/anie.201705426. PMID 28586163.
  11. ^ Goodwin, Conrad A. P.; Ortu, Fabrizio; Reta, Daniel; Chilton, Nicholas F.; Mills, David P. (2017). "Molecular magnetic hysteresis at 60 kelvin in dysprosocenium" (PDF). Nature. 548 (7668): 439–442. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..439G. doi:10.1038/nature23447. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 28836589. S2CID 4454501.
  12. ^ Randall McClain, K.; Gould, Colin A.; Chakarawet, Khetpakorn; Teat, Simon J.; Groshens, Thomas J.; Long, Jeffrey R.; Harvey, Benjamin G. (2018). "High-temperature magnetic blocking and magneto-structural correlations in a series of dysprosium( iii ) metallocenium single-molecule magnets". Chemical Science. 9 (45): 8492–8503. doi:10.1039/C8SC03907K. ISSN 2041-6520. PMC 6256727. PMID 30568773.
  13. ^ Guo, Fu-Sheng; Day, Benjamin M.; Chen, Yan-Cong; Tong, Ming-Liang; Mansikkamäki, Akseli; Layfield, Richard A. (2018-12-21). "Magnetic hysteresis up to 80 kelvin in a dysprosium metallocene single-molecule magnet". Science. 362 (6421): 1400–1403. Bibcode:2018Sci...362.1400G. doi:10.1126/science.aav0652. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 30337456.