Slovenia

For other uses, see Slovenia (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Slavonia or Slovakia.

Republic of Slovenia
Republika Slovenija (Slovene)
Anthem: Zdravljica
(English: "A Toast")
Location of Slovenia (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green)
Location of Slovenia (dark green)

– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)

Capital
and largest city
Ljubljana
46°03′05″N 14°30′22″E / 46.05139°N 14.50611°E / 46.05139; 14.50611
Official languagesSlovene[i]
Recognised regional languages
Religion
(2018)[1]
  • 18.3% no religion
  • 3.9% other
Demonym(s)
GovernmentUnitary parliamentary republic
• President
Nataša Pirc Musar
Robert Golob
LegislatureParliament
• Upper house
National Council
• Lower house
National Assembly
Establishment
29 October 1918
1 December 1918
19 February 1944
29 July 1944
• Independence from
Yugoslavia
25 June 1991[2]
• Brioni Agreement
signed
7 July 1991
23 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations
22 May 1992
1 May 2004
Area
• Total
20,271 km2 (7,827 sq mi) (150th)
• Water (%)
0.7[3]
Population
• 2024 estimate
Neutral increase 2,124,709[4] (145th)
• 2002 census
1,964,036
• Density
103[4]/km2 (266.8/sq mi) (114th)
GDP (PPP)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $117.993 billion[5] (97th)
• Per capita
Increase $55,683[5] (34th)
GDP (nominal)2024 estimate
• Total
Increase $73.198 billion[5] (85th)
• Per capita
Increase $34,544[5] (33rd)
Gini (2023)Positive decrease 23.4[6]
low inequality
HDI (2022)Increase 0.926[7]
very high (22nd)
CurrencyEuro (€) (EUR)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
Calling code+386
ISO 3166 codeSI
Internet TLD.si[ii]
  1. ^ Hungarian and Italian are co-official in some municipalities.
  2. ^ Also .eu, shared with other European Union member states.

Slovenia[a] officially the Republic of Slovenia [b] is a country in Central Europe.[13][14] It borders Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the south and southeast, and a short coastline within the Adriatic Sea to the southwest, which is part of the Mediterranean sea.[15] Slovenia is mostly mountainous and forested,[16] covers 20,271 square kilometres (7,827 sq mi),[17] and has a population of approximately 2.1 million.[18] Slovene is the official language.[19] Slovenia has a predominantly temperate continental climate,[20] with the exception of the Slovene Littoral and the Julian Alps. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city of Slovenia, is geographically situated near the centre of the country.[21] Other larger urban centers are Maribor, Kranj, Celje and Koper.

Slovenia's territory has been part of many different states: the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Carolingian Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Republic of Venice, the Illyrian Provinces of Napoleon's First French Empire and the Habsburg Empire.[15] In October 1918, the Slovenes co-founded the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs.[22] In December 1918, they merged with the Kingdom of Montenegro and the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.[23] During World War II, Germany, Italy, and Hungary occupied and annexed Slovenia, with a tiny area transferred to the Independent State of Croatia, a newly declared Nazi puppet state.[24] In 1945, it again became part of Yugoslavia. Post-war, Yugoslavia was allied with the Eastern Bloc, but after the Tito–Stalin split of 1948, it never subscribed to the Warsaw Pact, and in 1961 it became one of the founders of the Non-Aligned Movement.[25] In June 1991, Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia and became an independent sovereign state.[2]

Slovenia is a developed country, with a high-income economy characterized by a mixture of both traditional industries, such as manufacturing and agriculture, and modern sectors, such as information technology and financial service. The economy is highly dependent on foreign trade, with exports accounting for a significant portion of the country's GDP. Slovenia is a member of the European Union, the United Nations, NATO, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and other associations in the global community.

  1. ^ "Eurobarometer 90.4 (December 2018): Attitudes of Europeans towards Biodiversity, Awareness and Perceptions of EU customs, and Perceptions of Antisemitism", Special Eurobarometer, European Union: European Commission, 2019, archived from the original on 13 March 2020, retrieved 9 August 2019 – via GESIS
  2. ^ a b Škrk, Mirjam (1999). "Recognition of States and Its (Non-)Implication on State Succession: The Case of Successor States to the Former Yugoslavia". In Mrak, Mojmir (ed.). Succession of States. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 9789041111456.
  3. ^ "Površina ozemlja in pokrovnost tal, določena planimetrično, 2005" [Surface area and land cover determined planimetrically, 2005] (in Slovenian and English). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
  4. ^ a b "Population, 1 October 2022". Statistical Office of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (Slovenia)". www.imf.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 October 2024. Retrieved 18 October 2024.
  6. ^ "Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey". ec.europa.eu. Eurostat. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  7. ^ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  8. ^ Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 9781405881180.
  9. ^ Roach, Peter (2011). Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary (18th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521152532.
  10. ^ "Slovenski pravopis 2001 - Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU in Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti – izid poizvedbe". bos.zrc-sazu.si.
  11. ^ Slovene pronunciation: [ɾɛˈpùːblika slɔˈʋèːnija]. Source: "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Republika Slovenija".
  12. ^ Slovene pronunciation: [ɾəˈsə́]. Source: "Slovenski pravopis 2001: Republika Slovenija".
  13. ^ "Directorate for European Affairs". GOV.SI. Government of the Republic of Slovenia. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  14. ^ "Slovenia". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
  15. ^ a b "Slovenia – History, Geography, & People". Encyclopedia Britannica. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  16. ^ Perko, Drago (2008). "Slovenia at the Junction of Major European Geographical Units" (PDF). The Slovenian. Toronto: Vse Slovenski Kulturni Odbor [The All Slovenian Cultural Committee].
  17. ^ "Spremembe v površini Slovenije" [Changes to the Area of Slovenia] (PDF) (in Slovenian). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 1 July 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.
  18. ^ "Population: Demographic situation, languages and religions". European Education and Culture Executive Agency. 10 October 2017.
  19. ^ "Slovene language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  20. ^ Fallon, Steve (2007). "Environment". Slovenia (5th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-74104-480-5.
  21. ^ "About Ljubljana". Mestna občina Ljubljana. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  22. ^ Trgovčević, Ljubinka (18 July 2016). "Yugoslavia". International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  23. ^ "History and culture". I feel Slovenia. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
  24. ^ Sečen, Ernest (16 April 2005). "Mejo so zavarovali z žico in postavili mine" [They Protected the Border with Wire and Set up Mines]. Dnevnik.si (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  25. ^ "From Alignment to Non-Alignment: Yugoslavia Discovers the Third World". Wilson Center. 5 June 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2021.


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