Social stigma of obesity

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Social stigma of obesity is bias or discriminatory behaviors targeted at overweight and obese individuals because of their weight and high body fat percentage.^[1][2] Such social stigmas can span one's entire life as long as excess weight is present, starting from a young age and lasting into adulthood.^[3] Studies also indicate overweight and obese individuals experience higher levels of stigma compared to other people^[who?].^[4] Stigmatization of obesity is usually associated with increased health risks (morbidity) of being overweight or obese and the possibility of a shorter lifespan (mortality).

Obese people marry less often, experience fewer educational and career opportunities, and on average earn a lesser income than normal weight individuals.^[3] Although public support regarding disability services, civil rights, and anti-workplace discrimination laws for obese individuals have gained support across the years, overweight and obese individuals still experience discrimination, which may have detrimental implications in relation to both physiological^[5] and psychological health. These issues are compounded by the significant negative physiological effects that are already associated with obesity,^[6] which some have misleadingly proposed may be caused by stress from the social stigma of obesity, rather than from obesity per se.^[5] This is refuted by Mendelian randomization studies,^{[7][8][9][10][11]} MRI analyses,^[12][13] and direct observation of inflammatory mediator synthesis and secretion from abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue.^[14][15][16]

Anti-fat bias refers to prejudicial assumptions that are based on an assessment of a person as being overweight or obese. It is also known as "fat shaming" or "fatphobia". Anti-fat bias can be found in many facets of society,^[17] and fat activists commonly cite examples of mass media and popular culture that pervade this phenomenon.^[18][19]