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Sociology in Poland has been developing, as has sociology throughout Europe, since the mid-19th century. Although, due to the Partitions of Poland, that country did not exist as an independent state in the 19th century or until the end of World War I, some Polish scholars published work clearly belonging to the field of sociology.
During the Interbellum, in the Second Polish Republic, sociology was popularized through the works of scholars such as Florian Znaniecki. Much of Polish sociology has been substantially influenced by Marxism (see "Marxist sociology"). A number of Jewish-Polish sociologists, including Zygmunt Bauman, were subjected to the 1968 anti-Semitic government campaign.
Contemporary Polish sociology is a vibrant social science with its own experts and currents of thought. Jan Stanisław Bystroń wrote in 1917 that Polish sociology is — as is any other national sociology — a notable and distinct field:[1]
- Is the term 'Polish sociology' justified, as science is universal and does not know state or national borders?… Academics of a given nationality deal with some problems more often [than do those of other nationalities].… When we turn our attention to Polish sociological theories, one cannot fail to notice…that they were evoked by other needs and other problems that [produced] a different theoretical answer than in Western science.