Solfatara (volcano)

Solfatara
Sulphur and fumaroles at the Solfatara crater
Highest point
Elevation	458 m (1,503 ft)[1]
Coordinates	40°49′37″N 14°08′20″E / 40.827°N 14.139°E / 40.827; 14.139
Geography
Location	Italy
Geology
Rock age	40,000 years
Mountain type	Crater of Campi Flegrei
Volcanic arc	Campanian volcanic arc
Last eruption	1198[1]

Solfatara (Italian: Solfatara di Pozzuoli) is a shallow volcanic crater at Pozzuoli, near Naples, part of the Phlegraean Fields (Italian: Campi Flegrei) volcanic area. It is a dormant volcano, which still emits jets of steam with sulfurous fumes. The name comes from the Latin, Sulpha terra, "land of sulfur", or "sulfur earth". It was formed around 4000 years ago and last erupted in 1198 with what was probably a phreatic eruption – an explosive steam-driven eruption caused when groundwater interacts with magma. The crater floor was a popular tourist attraction until 2017, as it has many fumaroles and mud pools. The area is well known for its bradyseism. The vapours had been used for medical purposes since Roman times.

This volcano is where the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus was first isolated. The archaeon is named for the volcano, as most species of the genus Sulfolobus are named for the area where they are first isolated.