| Solomon | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Solomon (Chronica Hungarorum) | |
| King of Hungary | |
| Reign | 11 September 1063 – 14 March 1074 |
| Coronation | 1057 (junior king) September 1063, Székesfehérvár |
| Predecessor | Béla I |
| Successor | Géza I |
| Born | 1053 |
| Died | 1087 Bulgaria theme (Byzantine Empire) |
| Spouse | Judith of Swabia |
| Dynasty | Árpád dynasty |
| Father | Andrew I of Hungary |
| Mother | Anastasia of Kiev |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Solomon, also Salomon (Hungarian: Salamon; 1053–1087) was King of Hungary from 1063. Being the elder son of Andrew I, he was crowned king in his father's lifetime in 1057 or 1058. However, he was forced to flee from Hungary after his uncle, Béla I, dethroned Andrew in 1060. Assisted by German troops, Solomon returned and was again crowned king in 1063. On this occasion he married Judith, sister of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. In the following year he reached an agreement with his cousins, the three sons of Béla I. Géza, Ladislaus and Lampert acknowledged Solomon's rule, but in exchange received one-third of the kingdom as a separate duchy.
In the following years, Solomon and his cousins jointly fought against the Czechs, the Cumans and other enemies of the kingdom. Their relationship deteriorated in the early 1070s and Géza rebelled against him. Solomon could only maintain his rule in a small zone along the western frontiers of Hungary after his defeat in the Battle of Mogyoród on 14 March 1074. He officially abdicated in 1081, but was arrested for conspiring against Géza's brother and successor, Ladislaus.
Solomon was set free during the canonization process of the first king of Hungary, Stephen I, in 1083. In an attempt to regain his crown, Solomon allied with the Pechenegs, but King Ladislaus defeated their invading troops. According to a nearly contemporaneous source, Solomon died on a plundering raid in the Byzantine Empire. Later legends say that he survived and died as a saintly hermit in Pula (Croatia).