Sonnet 131

Sonnet 131
Detail of old-spelling text
Sonnet 131 in the 1609 Quarto

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C

Thou art as tyrannous, so as thou art,
As those whose beauties proudly make them cruel;
For well thou know’st to my dear doting heart
Thou art the fairest and most precious jewel.
Yet, in good faith, some say that thee behold,
Thy face hath not the power to make love groan:
To say they err I dare not be so bold,
Although I swear it to myself alone.
And to be sure that is not false I swear,
A thousand groans, but thinking on thy face,
One on another’s neck, do witness bear
Thy black is fairest in my judgment’s place.
In nothing art thou black save in thy deeds,
And thence this slander, as I think, proceeds.




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—William Shakespeare[1]

Sonnet 131 is a sonnet written by William Shakespeare and was first published in a 1609 quarto edition titled Shakespeare's sonnets.[2][3] It is a part of the Dark Lady sequence (consisting of sonnets 127–52), which are addressed to an unknown woman usually assumed to possess a dark complexion.[4][5]

The sonnet, like the others in this sequence, addresses the Dark Lady as if a mistress. It references allegations from unspecified others that her "black" complexion makes her unattractive and rebuts these, but in the final two lines turns the compliment into a backhanded one by admitting that "In nothing art thou black save in thy deeds".[6][7] The sonnet employs the Petrarchan conceit of "tyranny" to imply the power the object's beauty imposes over the sonneteer and argues for her beauty based on the power she exerts over him.[8][9] It also uses the word "groan", another common practice from Petrarch, to superficially reinforce the lover's depth of emotion; but it does so ambivalently, possibly implying the word's connotation of pain or distress, or even its alternate meaning that refers to venereal disease.[10]

  1. ^ Pooler, C[harles] Knox, ed. (1918). The Works of Shakespeare: Sonnets. The Arden Shakespeare [1st series]. London: Methuen & Company. OCLC 4770201.
  2. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, p. 1.
  3. ^ Burrow 2002, pp. 91–3.
  4. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, pp. 99–100.
  5. ^ Burrow 2002, pp. 131–3.
  6. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, 131.13.
  7. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, p. 376.
  8. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, 131.1n.
  9. ^ Burrow 2002, 131.1n.
  10. ^ Duncan-Jones 2010, 131.9–10n.