Sonora

For other uses, see Sonora (disambiguation).
Sonora
State
Free and Sovereign State of Sonora
Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (Spanish)
View of San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas
View of San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas
Coat of arms of Sonora
Coat of arms
Anthem: Himno del Estatal de Sonora[1]
State of Sonora within Mexico
State of Sonora within Mexico
Coordinates: 29°38′46″N 110°52′08″W / 29.64611°N 110.86889°W / 29.64611; -110.86889
CountryMexico
Capital
and largest city		Hermosillo
Municipalities72
AdmissionJanuary 10, 1824[2]
Order12th[a]
Government
 • BodyCongress of Sonora
 • Governor Alfonso Durazo Montaño
 • Senators[3] Arturo Bours Griffith
 Lilly Téllez
Sylvana Beltrones Sánchez
 • Deputies[4]
Area
[5]
 • Total179,355 km2 (69,249 sq mi)
 Ranked 2nd
Highest elevation
[6]
2,620 m (8,600 ft)
Population
 (2020)[7]
 • Total2,944,840
 • Rank18th
 • Density16/km2 (43/sq mi)
  • Rank27th
 [8]
DemonymSonorense
GDP
[9]
 • TotalMXN 1.055 trillion
(US$52.5 billion) (2022)
 • Per capita(US$17,503) (2022)
Time zoneUTC−7 (MST[10])
 • Summer (DST)UTC-7 (No DST)
Postal code
83–85
Area code
ISO 3166 codeMX-SON
HDIIncrease 0.804 very high Ranked 6th out of 32
Websitewww.sonora.gob.mx
^ a. Joined to the federation under the name of Estado de Occidente (Western State) also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.

Sonora (Spanish pronunciation: [soˈnoɾa] ⓘ), officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora (English: Free and Sovereign State of Sonora), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital (and largest) city of which being Hermosillo (formerly Pitic), located in the center of the state. Other large cities include Ciudad Obregón, Nogales (on the Mexico-United States border), San Luis Río Colorado, and Navojoa.

Sonora is bordered by the states of Chihuahua to the east, Baja California to the northwest and Sinaloa to the south. To the north, it shares the U.S.–Mexico border primarily with the state of Arizona with a small length with New Mexico, and on the west has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California.

Sonora's natural geography is divided into three parts: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the east of the state; plains and rolling hills in the center; and the coast on the Gulf of California. It is primarily arid or semiarid deserts and grasslands, with only the highest elevations having sufficient rainfall to support other types of vegetation.

Sonora is home to eight indigenous peoples, including the Mayo, the O'odham, the Yaqui, and Seri. The state has been economically important for its agriculture, livestock (especially beef), and mining since the colonial period, and for its status as a border state since the Mexican–American War. With the Gadsden Purchase, Sonora lost more than a quarter of its territory. From the 20th century to the present, industry, tourism, and agribusiness have dominated the economy, attracting migration from other parts of Mexico.

  1. ^ "Canción al Estado de Sonora - "Sonora Querida"". YouTube. 15 April 2016.
  2. ^ "Las Diputaciones Provinciales" (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 15.
  3. ^ "Senadores por Sonora LXI Legislatura". Senado de la República. Archived from the original on October 16, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  4. ^ "Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Sonora". Cámara de Diputados. Archived from the original on July 20, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  5. ^ "Resumen". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
  6. ^ "Relieve". Cuentame INEGI. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
  7. ^ "Encuesta Intercensal 2015" (PDF). Retrieved December 9, 2015.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference inegi.org.mx was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Citibanamex (June 13, 2023). "Indicadores Regionales de Actividad Económica 2023" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  10. ^ Miriam de Regil (31 March 2006). "Inicia el domingo el Horario de Verano". El Financiero. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11.