Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling | |
---|---|
宋庆龄 | |
Honorary Chairwoman of China | |
In office 16 May 1981 – 29 May 1981 | |
Appointed by | the Standing Committee of the 5th National People's Congress on 16 May 1981 |
Premier | Zhao Ziyang |
Vice Chairwoman of China | |
In office 27 April 1959 – 17 January 1975 Serving with Dong Biwu | |
President | Liu Shaoqi Vacant (after 1968) |
Preceded by | Zhu De |
Succeeded by | Ulanhu (1983) |
Acting Chairwoman of China | |
In office 31 October 1968 – 24 February 1972 | |
Premier | Zhou Enlai |
Preceded by | Liu Shaoqi (as Chairman) |
Succeeded by | Dong Biwu (as Acting Chairman) |
Vice Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | |
In office 17 January 1975 – 29 May 1981 | |
Chairman | Zhu De Vacant[nb] Ye Jianying |
In office 27 September 1954 – 28 April 1959 | |
Chairman | Liu Shaoqi |
Vice Chairwoman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | |
In office 25 December 1954 – 29 April 1959 | |
Chairman | Zhou Enlai |
Vice Chairwoman of the Central People's Government | |
In office 1 October 1949 – 27 September 1954 | |
Chairman | Mao Zedong |
Personal details | |
Born | Shanghai, China | 27 January 1893
Died | 29 May 1981 Beijing, China | (aged 88)
Political party | Chinese Communist Party (1981) |
Other political affiliations | Kuomintang (1919–1947) Communist International (1930s–1943) Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (1948–1981) |
Spouse | |
Parent(s) | Charlie Soong and Ni Kwei-tseng |
Relatives | Soong Mei-ling (sister) Chiang Kai-shek (brother-in-law) Soong Ai-ling (sister) |
Alma mater | Wesleyan College |
Signature | |
n.b. ^ Between 1976 and 1978, Soong presided over the meeting of the National People's Congress Standing Committee and performed its powers as head of state in her capacity as the NPCSC First Vice Chairperson. | |
Soong Ching-ling | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Traditional Chinese | 宋慶齡 | ||||||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 宋庆龄 | ||||||||||||||||||
|
Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling[a] (27 January 1893 – 29 May 1981) was a Chinese political figure. She was the wife of Sun Yat-sen, therefore known by Madame Sun Yat-sen[b] and the "mother of modern China."[1] A member of the Soong family, she and her family played a significant role in shaping the Republic of China. As a prominent leader of the left wing of the Kuomintang (KMT), she founded the Revolutionary Committee of the KMT. She entered the Communist government in 1949, and was the only female, non-Communist head of state of the People's Republic of China. She was named Honorary President of the People's Republic of China and admitted to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), a few weeks before her death in 1981.
Soong married Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the Republic of China and the KMT, as his third wife in 1915 and became a strong advocate for Sun's KMT-CCP coalition, opposing Chiang Kai-shek's split with the CCP in 1927. During the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), she joined her sisters in Chongqing to demonstrate national unity and support for the KMT-CCP alliance. However, during the subsequent Chinese Civil War (1945-1949), she shifted her support to the CCP, leading to a break in ties with her family. After the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, she held several prominent positions in the Communist government, including Vice Chairman of the PRC (1949–1954; 1959–1975) and Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (1954–1959; 1975–1981). She traveled abroad during the early 1950s, representing her country at a number of international events.
Following the purge of President Liu Shaoqi in 1968, she and Dong Biwu as Vice Presidents became de facto Heads of State of China until 1972,[2] when Dong was appointed Acting President. During the Cultural Revolution, Soong was protected from being purged, as the top name on A List of Cadres to Be Protected created by Zhou Enlai. Despite this, her Beijing home was invaded by Red Guards, and her parents' tombs in Shanghai were destroyed.[3] Soong survived the political turmoil of the Cultural Revolution but appeared less frequently after 1976. As the acting Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 1976 to 1978, Soong was again the acting Head of State, as the office of President had been abolished. During her final illness in May 1981, she was given the special title of "Honorary President of the People's Republic of China".
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha>
tags or {{efn}}
templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
template or {{notelist}}
template (see the help page).
:0
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).