"Sophia, a Person of Quality" was a pen name used by the author of two English protofeminist treatises published in the mid-18th century, following a period trend of women's histories and political tracts arguing in favor of equal rights known as the querelle des femmes. The first tract under the Sophia name, Woman Not Inferior to Man, was published in 1739. Largely adapting François Poullain de la Barre's 1676 De l'Égalité des deux sexes ("On the Equality of the Two Sexes"), Sophia expands on the text using Cartesian rhetoric to attack male superiority, with a focus on establishing the equality of women's abilities with men, as well as stating that women hold an inherent moral superiority. Following the publication in 1739 of an anonymous rebuttal tract, Man Superior to Woman, Sophia wrote a follow-up tract titled Woman's Superior Excellence Over Man. Published in 1740, the text accepts the rebuttal's challenge to prove the moral superiority of women in order to justify women's rights. All three of these tracts were later compiled and published as a single volume in 1751, entitled Beauty's Triumph.
The identity of Sophia remains uncertain and subject to scholarly dispute. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and Sophia Fermor, the second wife of John Carteret, have both been proposed as the author of the tracts, although little evidence ties them to their creation. Alternate theories regarding the authorship of the tracts, such as their creation by a male author or two separate individuals, have also been proposed. Although older scholarship accused her of plagiarizing much of her work (Poullain was not attributed within the texts), she has been described as advancing many of the protofeminist concepts advocated by Poullain, and adapting the text with much more forceful and pointed language.