Sortases are membrane anchored enzyme that sort these surface proteins onto the bacterial cell surface and anchor them to the peptidoglycan .[ 1] sortases and each catalyse the anchoring of different proteins to cell walls. [ 2]
It is very important for bacteria to acquire iron during infection,[ 3] micronutrient required for bacteria to proliferate and cause disease. Sortase B, is a 246 amino acids polypeptide with putative N-terminal membrane anchor and an active site cysteine located within the TLXTC signature motif of sortases.[ 4] [ 5]
It appears these enzymes are dedicated to helping the bacteria acquire iron by anchoring iron acquisition proteins to the cell membrane[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] cell wall sorting reaction in which a surface protein with a sorting signal containing a NXTN motif is cleaved.
This enzyme belongs to the peptidase family C60.
^ Cossart P, Jonquières R (May 2000). "Sortase, a universal target for therapeutic agents against gram-positive bacteria?" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 97 (10): 5013–5. Bibcode :2000PNAS...97.5013C . doi :10.1073/pnas.97.10.5013 PMC 33977 PMID 10805759 . ^ Ton-That H, Mazmanian SK, Faull KF, Schneewind O (March 2000). "Anchoring of surface proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus. Sortase catalyzed in vitro transpeptidation reaction using LPXTG peptide and NH(2)-Gly(3) substrates" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 275 (13): 9876–81. doi :10.1074/jbc.275.13.9876 PMID 10734144 . ^ Maresso AW, Chapa TJ, Schneewind O (December 2006). "Surface protein IsdC and Sortase B are required for heme-iron scavenging of Bacillus anthracis" . Journal of Bacteriology . 188 (23): 8145–52. doi :10.1128/JB.01011-06 PMC 1698196 PMID 17012401 . ^ Mazmanian SK, Ton-That H, Schneewind O (June 2001). "Sortase-catalysed anchoring of surface proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus" . Molecular Microbiology . 40 (5): 1049–57. doi :10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02411.x PMID 11401711 . S2CID 34467346 . ^ Ilangovan U, Ton-That H, Iwahara J, Schneewind O, Clubb RT (May 2001). "Structure of sortase, the transpeptidase that anchors proteins to the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 98 (11): 6056–61. Bibcode :2001PNAS...98.6056I . doi :10.1073/pnas.101064198 PMC 33421 PMID 11371637 . ^ Bradshaw WJ, Davies AH, Chambers CJ, Roberts AK, Shone CC, Acharya KR (June 2015). "Molecular features of the sortase enzyme family". The FEBS Journal . 282 (11): 2097–114. doi :10.1111/febs.13288 . PMID 25845800 . ^ Zong Y, Mazmanian SK, Schneewind O, Narayana SV (January 2004). "The structure of sortase B, a cysteine transpeptidase that tethers surface protein to the Staphylococcus aureus cell wall" . Structure . 12 (1): 105–12. doi :10.1016/j.str.2003.11.021 PMID 14725770 . ^ Bentley ML, Gaweska H, Kielec JM, McCafferty DG (March 2007). "Engineering the substrate specificity of Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A. The beta6/beta7 loop from SrtB confers NPQTN recognition to SrtA" . The Journal of Biological Chemistry . 282 (9): 6571–81. doi :10.1074/jbc.M610519200 PMID 17200112 . ^ Mazmanian SK, Ton-That H, Su K, Schneewind O (February 2002). "An iron-regulated sortase anchors a class of surface protein during Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 99 (4): 2293–8. Bibcode :2002PNAS...99.2293M . doi :10.1073/pnas.032523999 PMC 122358 PMID 11830639 . ^ Marraffini LA, Dedent AC, Schneewind O (March 2006). "Sortases and the art of anchoring proteins to the envelopes of gram-positive bacteria" . Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews . 70 (1): 192–221. doi :10.1128/MMBR.70.1.192-221.2006 PMC 1393253 PMID 16524923 .