Southern Peninsula (Iceland)

This article is about most of the Reykjanes Peninsula. For other uses, see Reykjanes (disambiguation).
Suðurnes
Southern Peninsula
The Suðurnes area
The Suðurnes area
Coordinates: 63°55′N 22°15′W / 63.917°N 22.250°W / 63.917; -22.250
CountryIceland
SeatKeflavík
Area
 • Total829 km2 (320 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total27,829
 • Density24.5/km2 (63/sq mi)
ISO 3166 codeIS-2
Map of the Suðurnes region

Southern Peninsula (Icelandic: Suðurnes, Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈsʏːðʏrˌnɛːs] ⓘ) is an administrative unit and part of Reykjanesskagi (pronounced [ˈreiːcaˌnɛsˌskaijɪ]), or Reykjanes Peninsula, a region in southwest Iceland. It was named after Reykjanes, the southwestern tip of Reykjanesskagi.[1]

The region has a population of 27,829 (2020) and is one of the more densely populated parts of the island. The administrative centre is Keflavík, which had 7,000 residents when it merged with the nearby town of Njarðvík and Hafnir in 1995 to create Reykjanesbær, which is the largest settlement outside the Greater Reykjavík area; in 2018 the region had a population of 17,805.[2] The region is the location of Keflavík International Airport, the major point of entry for Iceland.[3][4] Some fishing towns, such as Grindavík, Njarðvík and Sandgerði, are situated on the peninsula.

The peninsula is marked by active volcanism under its surface and large lava fields, allowing little vegetation. There are numerous hot springs in the southern half of the peninsula, around the Kleifarvatn lake and the Krýsuvík geothermal area.[5] There is a geothermal power station at Svartsengi. Near the power station a luxury spa and pool area has been installed using the hot and mineralized water coming down from the power station; it is known as the "Blue Lagoon" (Bláa Lónið).[6]

The Bridge Between Continents spans the Álfagjá [ˈaulvaˌcauː] rift valley (60 feet (18 m) wide and 20 feet (6.1 m) deep) near Grindavík, which is promoted to tourists as marking the boundary between the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates. It was built in 2002 and previously named Leif the Lucky bridge in honor of Icelandic explorer Leif Eriksson who traveled from Europe to America nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus.[7]

A great deal of volcanic unrest was occurring in this part of the Reykjanes Peninsula from 2020 onward, after nearly 800 years of inactivity. After the eruption of the Fagradalsfjall volcano started on 19 March 2021,[8] National Geographic's experts predicted that this "may mark the start of decades of volcanic activity". The eruption was small, leading to a prediction that this volcano was unlikely to threaten "any population centers".[9] In November 2023, a new bout of seismic activity occurred around Grindavík, prompting the town's evacuation and the declaration of a state of emergency over the threat of an imminent volcanic eruption,[10] culminating in the 2023-2024 Sundhnúkur eruptions.

  1. ^ "Reykjanes Peninsula". visitreykjanes.is. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  2. ^ "Information about Keflavík". guidetoiceland.is. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  3. ^ "Keflavik International Airport". isavia.is. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  4. ^ "Leifur Eriksson Air Terminal". lsretail.com. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  5. ^ "Krysuvik geothermal area". icelandtravel.is. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  6. ^ "Svartsengi power plant". verkis.com. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  7. ^ "Bridge Between Continents". icelandtravel.is. Retrieved December 1, 2019.
  8. ^ Bindeman, I. N.; Deegan, F. M.; Troll, V. R.; Thordarson, T.; Höskuldsson, Á; Moreland, W. M.; Zorn, E. U.; Shevchenko, A. V.; Walter, T. R. (2022-06-29). "Diverse mantle components with invariant oxygen isotopes in the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption, Iceland". Nature Communications. 13 (1): 3737. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31348-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 9243117. PMID 35768436.
  9. ^ "Eruption in Iceland may mark the start of decades of volcanic activity". Archived from the original on March 22, 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  10. ^ "Iceland declares state of emergency over volcanic eruption threat: Powerful earthquakes rock country's southwestern Reykjanes peninsula, increasing likelihood of event". The Guardian. 10 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.