This rocket article contains payload capacity, but does not include orbital altitude or inclination, which greatly affects the capacity. |
Function | Orbital carrier rocket |
---|---|
Manufacturer | TsSKB-Progress |
Country of origin | Russia |
Size | |
Height |
|
Diameter | 2.95 m[citation needed] |
Mass | 305,000 kg (672,000 lb) |
Stages | 2 (Soyuz FG) or 3 (Soyuz-FG/Fregat) |
Capacity | |
Payload to LEO | |
Mass |
|
Payload to SSO | |
Mass | FG/Fregat: 4,500 kg (9,900 lb)[citation needed] |
Associated rockets | |
Family | R-7 (Soyuz) |
Launch history | |
Status | Retired |
Launch sites | |
Total launches | 70 (FG: 60, FG/Fregat: 10)[2][3] |
Success(es) | 69 |
Failure(s) | 1 |
First flight |
|
Last flight |
|
Type of passengers/cargo | |
Boosters – Blok-B,V,G,D[4] | |
No. boosters | 4 |
Height | 19.6 m (64 ft) |
Diameter | 2.68 m (8.8 ft) |
Empty mass | 3,800 kg (8,400 lb) |
Gross mass | 43,400 kg (95,700 lb) |
Powered by | RD-107A |
Maximum thrust |
|
Specific impulse |
|
Burn time | 118 seconds |
Propellant | LOX/RG-1 |
Second stage – Blok-A[4] | |
Height | 27.1 m (89 ft) |
Diameter | 2.95 m (9.7 ft) |
Empty mass | 6,550 kg (14,440 lb) |
Gross mass | 99,500 kg (219,400 lb) |
Powered by | RD-108A |
Maximum thrust |
|
Specific impulse |
|
Burn time | 280 seconds |
Propellant | LOX/RG-1 |
Third stage – Blok-I[4] | |
Height | 6.7 m (22 ft) |
Diameter | 2.66 m (8.7 ft) |
Empty mass | 2,410 kg (5,310 lb) |
Gross mass | 25,300 kg (55,800 lb) |
Powered by | RD-0110 |
Maximum thrust | 297.93 kilonewtons (66,980 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 326 seconds |
Burn time | 230 seconds |
Propellant | LOX/RG-1 |
Upper stage (optional) – Fregat[5] | |
Height | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) |
Diameter | 3.35 m (11.0 ft) |
Empty mass | 930 kg (2,050 lb) |
Propellant mass | 5,250 kg (11,570 lb) |
Powered by | S5.92 |
Maximum thrust | 19.85 kilonewtons (4,460 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 333.2 seconds |
Burn time | 1100 seconds |
Propellant | N2O4/UDMH |
The Soyuz-FG launch vehicle was an improved version of the Soyuz-U from the R-7 family of rockets, designed and constructed by Progress in Samara, Russia. The rocket's guidance, navigation, and control system was developed and manufactured by the Polisvit Special Design Bureau in Kharkiv, Ukraine.[6]
Soyuz-FG made its maiden flight on 20 May 2001, carrying a Progress cargo spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS). It was retired after the 25 September 2019 launch of Soyuz MS-15 to the ISS; the analog control system significantly limited its capabilities and prompted its replacement by the Soyuz 2.[7] From 30 October 2002 to 25 September 2019, the Soyuz-FG was the only vehicle used by the Russian Federal Space Agency to launch Soyuz TMA, Soyuz TMA-M and Soyuz MS crewed spacecraft to the ISS.
For uncrewed flights, Soyuz-FG optionally flew with a Fregat upper stage, developed and produced by Lavochkin Association in Khimki. The maiden flight of this configuration occurred on 2 June 2003, the first of ten such launches.[3] Launches of the Soyuz-FG/Fregat configuration were marketed by a European-Russian company called Starsem.
Soyuz-FG was launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, from Gagarin's Start (Site 1/5) for crewed missions, and from Site 31/6 for satellite launches with the Fregat upper stage.
The Soyuz-FG performed 64 successful launches until its first failure on 11 October 2018 with the Soyuz MS-10 mission. A video recording of the spaceflight released several weeks later suggested a faulty sensor, resulted in the destruction of the rocket. The crew, NASA astronaut Nick Hague and Russian cosmonaut Aleksey Ovchinin, escaped safely.[8]