Spectacled bear

Spectacled bear
Temporal range: 0.1–0 Ma
Late Pleistocene – Recent
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Ursidae
Genus: Tremarctos
Species:
T. ornatus
Binomial name
Tremarctos ornatus
(Cuvier, 1825)
Spectacled bear range
Synonyms

Ursus ornatus Cuvier, 1825

The spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), also known as the South American bear, Andean bear, Andean short-faced bear or mountain bear and locally as jukumari (Aymara and Quechua[3]), ukumari (Quechua) or ukuku, is a species of bear native to the Andes Mountains in northern and western South America. It is the only living species of bear native to South America, and the last remaining short-faced bear (subfamily Tremarctinae). Its closest relatives are the extinct Tremarctos floridanus,[4] and the giant short-faced bears (Arctodus and Arctotherium), which became extinct at the end of the Pleistocene around 12,000 years ago.[5][6] Unlike other omnivorous bears, the diet of the spectacled bear is mostly herbivorous. The species is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN because of habitat loss.

  1. ^ Velez-Liendo, X.; García-Rangel, S. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Tremarctos ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22066A123792952. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22066A45034047.en. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ Sichra, Inge (2003). La vitalidad del quechua: lengua y sociedad en dos provincias de Cochabamba (in Spanish). Plural editores. p. 121. ISBN 978-99905-75-14-9.
  4. ^ Krause, J.; Unger, T.; Noçon, A.; Malaspinas, A.; Kolokotronis, S.; Stiller, M.; Soibelzon, L.; Spriggs, H.; Dear, P. H.; Briggs, A. W.; Bray, S. C. E.; O'Brien, S. J.; Rabeder, G.; Matheus, P.; Cooper, A.; Slatkin, M.; Pääbo, S.; Hofreiter, M. (2008). "Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8 (220): 220. Bibcode:2008BMCEE...8..220K. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220. PMC 2518930. PMID 18662376.
  5. ^ Spectacled Bear Archived 2007-10-29 at the Wayback Machine. Grizzly Bear.org. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.
  6. ^ Spectacled Bears Archived 2007-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. Bear Planet. Retrieved on 2011-09-26.