Spinor condensate

Spinor condensates are degenerate Bose gases that have degrees of freedom arising from the internal spin of the constituent particles [1] .[2] They are described by a multi-component (spinor) order parameter. Since their initial experimental realisation, a wealth of studies have appeared, both experimental and theoretical, focusing on the physical properties of spinor condensates, including their ground states, non-equilibrium dynamics, and vortices.

  1. ^ Kawaguchi, Yuki; Ueda, Masahito (2012). "Spinor Bose–Einstein condensates". Physics Reports. 520 (5): 253–381. arXiv:1001.2072. Bibcode:2012PhR...520..253K. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2012.07.005. ISSN 0370-1573. S2CID 118642726.
  2. ^ Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.; Ueda, Masahito (2013). "Spinor Bose gases: Symmetries, magnetism, and quantum dynamics". Reviews of Modern Physics. 85 (3): 1191–1244. Bibcode:2013RvMP...85.1191S. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1191. ISSN 0034-6861.