Spodoptera littoralis

Spodoptera littoralis
Adult African cotton leafworm
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Superfamily: Noctuoidea
Family: Noctuidae
Genus: Spodoptera
Species:
S. littoralis
Binomial name
Spodoptera littoralis
(Boisduval, 1833)
Synonyms
  • Hadena littoralis Boisduval, 1833
  • Noctua gossypii Fabricius, 1794
  • Prodena littoralis Boisduval, 1833
  • Prodenia testaceoides Guenée, 1852
  • Prodenia retina Freyer, 1945
  • Spodoptera retina Freyer, 1845
  • Spodoptera testaceoides Guenée, 1852
  • Spodoptera metrioides Bethune-Baker, 1991

Spodoptera littoralis, also referred to as the African cotton leafworm or Egyptian cotton leafworm or Mediterranean brocade, is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae. S. littoralis is found widely in Africa, Mediterranean Europe and Middle Eastern countries. It is a highly polyphagous organism that is a pest of many cultivated plants and crops.[1] As a result, this species was assigned the label of A2 quarantine pest by the EPPO and was cautioned as a highly invasive species in the United States.[2][3] The devastating impacts caused by these pests have led to the development of both biological and chemical control methods.[4] This moth is often confused with Spodoptera litura.[4]

  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference MSU was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ OEPP/EPPO (2015). "Diagnostic protocol for Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera eridania". Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin. 34: 257–270.
  3. ^ USDA-APHIS (2008). "Pests of national concern for fiscal year 2009". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference LittoralisCABI was invoked but never defined (see the help page).