Sir Stafford Cripps | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Chancellor of the Exchequer | |
| In office 13 November 1947 – 19 October 1950 | |
| Prime Minister | Clement Attlee |
| Preceded by | Hugh Dalton |
| Succeeded by | Hugh Gaitskell |
| Minister for Economic Affairs | |
| In office 29 September 1947 – 13 November 1947 | |
| Prime Minister | Clement Attlee |
| Preceded by | New creation |
| Succeeded by | Post abolished (Trial post) |
| President of the Board of Trade | |
| In office 27 July 1945 – 29 September 1947 | |
| Prime Minister | Clement Attlee |
| Preceded by | Oliver Lyttelton |
| Succeeded by | Harold Wilson |
| Minister of Aircraft Production | |
| In office 22 November 1942 – 25 May 1945 | |
| Prime Minister | Winston Churchill |
| Preceded by | John Llewellin |
| Succeeded by | Ernest Brown |
| Leader of the House of Commons Lord Privy Seal | |
| In office 19 February 1942 – 22 November 1942 | |
| Prime Minister | Winston Churchill |
| Preceded by | Winston Churchill (as Leader of the House of Commons) Clement Attlee (as Lord Privy Seal) |
| Succeeded by | Anthony Eden (as Leader of the House of Commons) Robert Gascoyne-Cecil (as Lord Privy Seal) |
| Solicitor General for England and Wales | |
| In office 22 October 1930 – 24 August 1931 | |
| Prime Minister | James Ramsay MacDonald |
| Preceded by | James Melville |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Inskip |
| Member of Parliament for Bristol South East Bristol East (1931–1950) | |
| In office 16 January 1931 – 25 October 1950 | |
| Preceded by | Walter John Baker |
| Succeeded by | Tony Benn |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Richard Stafford Cripps[1] 24 April 1889 Chelsea, London, England |
| Died | 21 April 1952 (aged 62) Zürich, Switzerland |
| Political party | Labour |
| Other political affiliations | Popular Front |
| Spouse | Dame Isobel Cripps |
| Children | 4, including Peggy Cripps |
| Parent(s) | Charles Cripps Theresa Potter |
| Relatives | Kwame Anthony Appiah (grandson) |
| Alma mater | University College London |
Sir Richard Stafford Cripps CH QC FRS[1] (24 April 1889 – 21 April 1952) was a British Labour Party politician, barrister, and diplomat.
A wealthy lawyer by background, Cripps first entered Parliament at a by-election in January 1931, and was one of a handful of Labour frontbenchers to retain his seat at the October general election that year. He became a leading spokesman for the left-wing and for co-operation in a Popular Front with Communists before 1939, in which year the Labour Party expelled him. During this time he became intimately involved with Krishna Menon and the India League.
During World War II (1939-1945), Cripps served from May 1940 to January 1942 as Ambassador to the USSR, with major responsibility for building rapport with Hitler's greatest foe. Back in London in early 1942, he became a member of the War Cabinet of the wartime coalition. In March 1942, Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent him to India to negotiate with Indian leaders about Indian cooperation in the war effort in exchange for dominion status after the war. Cripps failed in this mission, as his proposals were too radical for Churchill and the Cabinet, while being too conservative for Mahatma Gandhi and other Indians leaders. Nonetheless, he kept the trust and friendship of V. K. Krishna Menon, allowing him to retain a role in Indian affairs, including as a member of the 1946 Cabinet Mission to India and, ultimately, in having a voice in the selection of the final Viceroy in 1947. From November 1942 he served as Minister of Aircraft Production, an important post, but one outside the inner War Cabinet.[2]
Cripps rejoined the Labour Party in February 1945, and after the war he served in the 1945-1951 Attlee ministry, first as President of the Board of Trade and between 1947 and 1950 as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Labour Party member and historian Kenneth O. Morgan claimed of his role in the latter position that he was "the real architect of the rapidly improving economic picture and growing affluence from 1952 onwards".[3]
The economy improved after 1947, benefiting from American money given through grants from the Marshall Plan as well as from loans. However, the pound had to be devalued in 1949. Cripps kept the wartime rationing-system in place to hold down consumption during an "age of austerity", promoted exports and maintained full employment with static wages. The public especially respected "his integrity, competence, and Christian principles".[2]
- ^ a b Schuster, George (1955). "Richard Stafford Cripps 1889–1952". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 1: 11–26. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1955.0003. JSTOR 769240.
- ^ a b Mitchell, Andrew (2002) "Cripps, (Richard) Stafford" in John Ramsden, ed., The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-century British Politics. ISBN 0198601344. p. 176
- ^ Peter Clarke; Clive Trebilcock (1997). Understanding Decline: Perceptions and Realities of British Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press. p. 193. ISBN 9780521563178.