State Committee on the State of Emergency

Not to be confused with State Committee of the Soviet Union.

State Committee on the State of Emergency (SCSE)
Государственный комитет по чрезвычайному положению (ГКЧП)
Formation19 August 1991
Dissolved21 August 1991
TypeSelf-declared provisional government
Legal statusDissolved by the Russian SFSR and Soviet Union
PurposePrevention of the New Union Treaty signing, governance for planned six-month state of emergency
HeadquartersMoscow Kremlin, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union[1][2]
Location
Region served
Soviet Union
Official language
Russian
Chairman
Gennady Yanayev
AffiliationsCPSU
KGB
Soviet Army
Soviet Ministry of Internal Affairs

The State Committee on the State of Emergency (Russian: Госуда́рственный комите́т по чрезвыча́йному положе́нию, romanized: Gosudárstvenny komitét po chrezvycháynomu polozhéniyu, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj kəmʲɪˈtʲet pə tɕrʲɪzvɨˈtɕæjnəmʊ pəlɐˈʐɛnʲɪjʊ]), abbreviated as GKChP (Russian: ГКЧП) and nicknamed the Gang of Eight, was a self-proclaimed political body in the Soviet Union that existed from 19 to 21 August 1991.[3][4] It included a group of eight high-level Soviet officials within the Soviet government, the Communist Party, and the KGB, who attempted a coup d'état against Mikhail Gorbachev on 19 August 1991. The coup ultimately failed, with the provisional government collapsing by 22 August 1991 and several of the conspirators being prosecuted by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.

From 22 to 29 August 1991, former members of the dissolved SCSE and who actively assisted them were arrested, but from June 1992 to January 1993, they were all released on their own recognizance.[5][6][7][8] In April 1993, the trial began. On 23 February 1994, the defendants in the SCSE case were amnestied by the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation,[9][10] despite Yeltsin's objection.[11] One of the defendants, General V.I. Varennikov, refused to accept the amnesty and his trial continued, which he ultimately won.

Diplomatic support came from several countries,[12][13][14] such as Afghanistan, China, Cuba, Iraq, Laos, Libya, North Korea, Palestine Liberation Organization,[15] Vietnam, Socialist Republic of Serbia, and Socialist Republic of Montenegro.

  1. ^ Артём Кречетников (17 August 2006). "Хроника путча: часть I" (in Russian). BBC Russian Service. Archived from the original on 2 September 2007.
  2. ^ Артём Кречетников (18 August 2006). "Хроника путча: часть II" (in Russian). BBC Russian Service. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007.
  3. ^ Волгин Евгений Игоревич (2009). "КПСС в контексте политического кризиса 19-21 августа 1991 г". Вестник Московского Университета. Серия 12. Политические Науки (2) (Вестник Московского университета. Серия 12. Политические науки ed.): 24–36. ISSN 0868-4871.
  4. ^ Сосенков Ф.с (2017). "Проблема сохранения Советского Союза в документах Государственного комитета по чрезвычайному положению" (2) (Genesis: исторические исследования ed.): 85–93. doi:10.7256/2409-868X.2017.2.18015. ISSN 2409-868X. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ "Прежде Всего Стародубцев на воле. С Лениным в башке и подпиской в руке". 15 June 1992. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  6. ^ "Новости Метрополий. Олег Шенин отпущен до суда домой". 3 November 1992. Archived from the original on 11 January 2014. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  7. ^ "В Прокуратуре России. Четверо обвиняемых освобождены". 15 December 1992. Archived from the original on 10 July 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2014.
  8. ^ "Пресс-конференция по делу ГКЧП. Шесть узников "Матросской тишины" получили свободу до приговора". 27 January 1993. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2014.
  9. ^ "Члены ГКЧП после "путча"". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  10. ^ Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации от 23 февраля 1994 г. № 65-1 ГД «Об объявлении политической и экономической амнистии»
  11. ^ "Борис Ельцин. Первый". Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  12. ^ "Би-би-си – Россия – Хроника путча. Часть II". news.bbc.co.uk. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 28 August 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
  13. ^ "Апресян Р.Г. Народное сопротивление августовскому путчу". 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  14. ^ Ishërwood, Julian M. (19 August 1991). "World reacts with shock to Gorbachev ouster". United Press International. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  15. ^ "Апресян Р.Г. Народное сопротивление августовскому путчу". Archived from the original on 11 September 2007. Retrieved 4 December 2021.