State Duma

State Duma Государственная дума Gosudarstvennaya duma
8th State Duma
Type
Type	Lower house
History
Established	12 December 1993; 30 years ago (1993-12-12)
Preceded by	Soviet of the Republic Constitutional Conference of Russia
Leadership
Chairman	Vyacheslav Volodin, United Russia since 5 October 2016
First Deputy Chairmen	Alexander Zhukov, United Russia since 5 October 2016
	Ivan Melnikov, Communist Party since 5 October 2016
Structure
Seats	450
Political groups	Government (347)   United Russia (324)   LDPR (23)   Civic Platform (1)   Rodina (1) Opposition (102)   CPRF (57)   DPA (1)[1]   DZNS (1)[1]   Left Front (1)[1]   SRZP (28)   New People (16)[a]   Independent (1) Vacant seats (1)   Vacant seat (1)
Length of term	5 years
Elections
Voting system	Parallel voting
First election	12 December 1993
Last election	17–19 September 2021
Meeting place
State Duma building 1 Okhotny Ryad Street, Moscow
Website
duma.gov.ru/en/

The State Duma^[b] is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993.

The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced the Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993, and approved in a nationwide referendum.

In the 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections a full party-list proportional representation with 7% electoral threshold system was used, but this was subsequently repealed. The legislature's term length was initially 2 years in the 1993–1995 elections period, and 4 years in 1999–2007 elections period; since the 2011 elections the term length is 5 years.

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