Stereotypy

This article is about the human behaviour. For stereotypies in non-human animals, see Stereotypy (non-human).
Not to be confused with Stereotype or Stereotypic movement disorder.

A stereotypy (/ˈstɛri.əˌtaɪpi, ˈstɪər-, -i.oʊ-/,[1][2] STERR-ee-ə-ty-pee, STEER-, -⁠ee-oh-) is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance. Stereotypies may be simple movements such as body rocking, or complex, such as self-caressing, crossing and uncrossing of legs, and marching in place. They are found especially in people with autism spectrum disorders and visually impaired children, and are also found in intellectual disabilities, tardive dyskinesia and stereotypic movement disorder; however, they may also be encountered in neurotypical individuals as well.[3] Studies have shown stereotypies to be associated with some types of schizophrenia.[4] Frontotemporal dementia is also a common neurological cause of repetitive behaviors and stereotypies.[5][6] A number of causes have been hypothesized for stereotypy, and several treatment options are available.[7]

Stereotypy is sometimes called stimming in autism, under the hypothesis that it self-stimulates one or more senses.[8]

Among people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, more than half (60%) had stereotypies. The time to onset of stereotypies in people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration may be years (average 2.1 years).[5]

  1. ^ "stereotypy". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. n.d. Archived 2020-03-22 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ "stereotypy". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2016-01-21.
  3. ^ Jankovic J (2001). "Differential diagnosis and etiology of tics". Adv Neurol. 85: 15–29. PMID 11530424.
  4. ^ Pedro BM, Pilowsky LS, Costa DC, et al. (May 1994). "Stereotypy, schizophrenia and dopamine D2 receptor binding in the basal ganglia". Psychol Med. 24 (2): 423–9. doi:10.1017/s0033291700027392. PMID 8084937. S2CID 35711407.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  5. ^ a b Mateen FJ, Josephs KA (June 2009). "The clinical spectrum of stereotypies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration". Movement Disorders. 24 (8): 1237–40. doi:10.1002/mds.22555. PMID 19412926. S2CID 10009657.
  6. ^ Mendez MF, Shapira JS (March 2008). "The spectrum of recurrent thoughts and behaviors in frontotemporal dementia". CNS Spectr. 13 (3): 202–8. doi:10.1017/s1092852900028443. PMID 18323753. S2CID 25649243.
  7. ^ Singer HS (2009). "Motor stereotypies" (PDF). Semin Pediatr Neurol. 16 (2): 77–81. doi:10.1016/j.spen.2009.03.008. PMID 19501335. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-13. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Nind was invoked but never defined (see the help page).