Stibine

Stibine
Skeletal formula of stibine
Spacefill model of stibine
  Antimony, Sb
  Hydrogen, H
Names
IUPAC name
Stibane
Other names
Antimony trihydride
Hydrogen antimonide
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.149.507 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 620-578-3
795
RTECS number
  • WJ0700000
UNII
UN number 2676
  • InChI=1S/Sb.3H checkY
    Key: OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/Sb.3H/rH3Sb/h1H3
    Key: OUULRIDHGPHMNQ-LQMOCBGJAH
  • [SbH3]
Properties
SbH3
Molar mass 124.784 g/mol
Appearance Colourless gas
Odor unpleasant, like hydrogen sulfide
Density 5.48 g/L, gas
Melting point −88 °C (−126 °F; 185 K)
Boiling point −17 °C (1 °F; 256 K)
slightly soluble
Solubility in ethanol soluble[1]
Vapor pressure >1 atm (20°C)[2]
Conjugate acid Stibonium
Structure
Trigonal pyramidal
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Extremely toxic, flammable and highly reactive
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS06: ToxicGHS08: Health hazard
Danger
H220, H330, H370
P210, P260, P264, P270, P307+P311, P321, P377, P381, P403, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g. VX gasFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 3: Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked. E.g. hydrogen peroxideSpecial hazards (white): no code
4
4
3
Flash point Flammable gas
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
100 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
92 ppm (guinea pig, 1 hr)
40 ppm (dog, 1 hr)[3]
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3)[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 0.1 ppm (0.5 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 5 ppm[2]
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Ammonia
Phosphine
Arsine
Bismuthine
Triphenylstibine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Stibine (IUPAC name: stibane) is a chemical compound with the formula SbH3. A pnictogen hydride, this colourless, highly toxic gas is the principal covalent hydride of antimony, and a heavy analogue of ammonia. The molecule is pyramidal with H–Sb–H angles of 91.7° and Sb–H distances of 170.7 pm (1.707 Å). The smell of this compound from usual sources (like from reduction of antimony compounds) is reminiscent of arsine, i.e. garlic-like.

  1. ^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 4–41. ISBN 978-1138561632.
  2. ^ a b c d NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0568". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. ^ "Stibine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).