Subaqueous volcano

A subaqueous volcano is a volcano formed from the eruption or flow of magma that occurs underwater (as opposed to a subaerial volcanic eruptions).^[1] Subaqueous volcanic eruptions are significantly more abundant than subaerial eruptions and are estimated be responsible for 85% of global volcanism by volume.^[2]

They are commonly in the form of gently sloping tuff cones, although they can have more vertical appearance similar to that of a mountain, such as White Horse Bluff in the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic field of east-central British Columbia, Canada.^[3]

^ Earle, Steven (September 23, 2019). "Chapter 4 Volcanism". Physical Geology (2nd ed.). BCcampus. ISBN 978-1-77420-028-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
^ White, James D.L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (2003), White, James D. L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (eds.), "Introduction: A deductive outline and topical overview of subaqueous explosive volcanism", Geophysical Monograph Series, 140, Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union: 1–23, Bibcode:2003GMS...140....1W, doi:10.1029/140gm01, ISBN 978-0-87590-999-8, retrieved July 5, 2024
^ "Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes - Wells Gray - Clearwater volcano field". Archived from the original on October 8, 2006.

[1] Earle, Steven (September 23, 2019). "Chapter 4 Volcanism". Physical Geology (2nd ed.). BCcampus. ISBN 978-1-77420-028-5.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)

[2] White, James D.L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (2003), White, James D. L.; Smellie, John L.; Clague, David A. (eds.), "Introduction: A deductive outline and topical overview of subaqueous explosive volcanism", Geophysical Monograph Series, 140, Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union: 1–23, Bibcode:2003GMS...140....1W, doi:10.1029/140gm01, ISBN 978-0-87590-999-8, retrieved July 5, 2024

[3] "Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes - Wells Gray - Clearwater volcano field". Archived from the original on October 8, 2006.

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