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A controlled mine (at left), with the distribution box that connected it and the other mines in its group to the mine casemate on shore.

This WW2-era mine, with its anchor, is on display at Fort Warren in Boston Harbor.

The modern era of defending American harbors with controlled mines or submarine mines (originally referred to as "torpedoes") began in the post-Civil War period, and was a major part of US harbor defenses from circa 1900 to 1947.