Sudanese revolution

This article is about the revolution that started in December 2018. For other uses, see Sudanese Revolution (disambiguation).

Sudanese revolution
Part of the Second Arab Spring
Sudanese protestors celebrating the 17 August 2019 signing of the Draft Constitutional Declaration between military and civilian representatives
Date19 December 2018 (2018-12-19) – December 18, 2019
Caused by
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
Parties

 Sudan

Lead figures

Non-centralized leadership

December 2018 – April 2019
Omar al-Bashir
President of Sudan
Mohamed Tahir Ayala
Prime Minister
Motazz Moussa
Prime Minister
Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti)
Head of the Rapid Support Forces
Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
Sudanese Minister of Defense
Salah Mohammed Abdullah (Gosh)
Head of National Intelligence and Security Service

April 2019 – August 2019
Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf
Chairman of the Transitional Military Council (11–12 April)
Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
Chairman of the Transitional Military Council (12 April – 21 August), Chairman of the Sovereignty Council (21 August–present)

Casualties
Death(s)246[26]
Arrested1,200+
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The Sudanese revolution (Arabic: الثورة السودانية, romanized: al-Thawrah al-Sūdānīyah) was a major shift of political power in Sudan that started with street protests throughout Sudan on 19 December 2018[27][28] and continued with sustained civil disobedience for about eight months, during which the 2019 Sudanese coup d'état deposed President Omar al-Bashir on 11 April after thirty years in power, 3 June Khartoum massacre took place under the leadership of the Transitional Military Council (TMC) that replaced al-Bashir, and in July and August 2019[29] the TMC and the Forces of Freedom and Change alliance (FFC) signed a Political Agreement and a Draft Constitutional Declaration legally defining a planned 39-month phase of transitional state institutions and procedures to return Sudan to a civilian democracy.[17][15][16]

In August and September 2019, the TMC formally transferred executive power to a mixed military–civilian collective head of state, the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, and to a civilian prime minister, Abdalla Hamdok and a mostly civilian cabinet, while judicial power was transferred to Nemat Abdullah Khair, Sudan's first female Chief Justice.[22] While it is mainly about this eight-month period, there are debates on the definition of the Sudanese revolution, which may also be interpreted to include the period during the prime ministership of Hamdok, who promised that the transitional period would carry out "the program" of the revolution.[30]

  1. ^ Elmileik, Aya. (26 December 2018). "What prompted the protests in Sudan?" Archived 20 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  2. ^ Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (24 December 2018). "Sudanese Protests, After Days of Violence, Turn Anger Over Bread Toward Bashir". Archived 12 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  3. ^ Baker, Aryn (24 January 2019). "An Uprising in Sudan Threatens to Dismantle Three Decades of Authoritarian Rule". Time. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  4. ^ Abdelaziz, Khalid (15 January 2019). "Explainer: Protesters in Sudan want end to Bashir's 30-year rule". Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  5. ^ Walsh, Declan (24 January 2019). "On Sudan's Streets, Young Professionals Protest Against an Autocrat". Archived 19 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2021.
  6. ^ "Bashir Calls on Parliament to Delay Amendments Allowing Him Another Term". Haaretz. Reuters. 22 February 2019. Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  7. ^ "Sudan Call Launch Campaign Against Al Bashir Re-Election". allAfrica. 9 October 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  8. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference OustedNotRegime was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Sudan coup leader Awad Ibn Auf steps down Archived 21 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News (13 April 2019).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference HugeCrowds was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference SPA_CivilDisobedience was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  12. ^ "Sudan crisis: African Union membership suspended". BBC News. 6 June 2019. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_transition_plan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference TMC_FFC_20190717_agreement was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference raisethevoices_4Aug2019_const_dec was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Const_Dec_En_unofficial was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  17. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Dabanga_const_dec_signed190804 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ "Al-Burham forms Sudan's Sovereign Council". Sudan Tribune. 21 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.
  19. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_who_Hamdok was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ^ "Sudan opposition coalition appoints five civilian members of sovereign council". Reuters. 18 August 2019. Archived from the original on 18 August 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference SudTrib_18outof20 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference Dabanga_Khair_confirmed_191010 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dabanga_PM2negotiate_Juba was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_neighbourhoods was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  25. ^ Cite error: The named reference MEE_new_wave was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dabanga_deathtoll246 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_20181219 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference AJE_slogans_revolution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ AfricaNews (25 October 2021). "Sudan's army declares state of emergency, dissolves government". Africanews. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
  30. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hamdok_revolution was invoked but never defined (see the help page).