Sulfamethoxazole

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Sulfamethoxazole
Clinical data
Trade namesGantanol
AHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer Information
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		Oral, IV
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding70%
MetabolismHepatic acetylation and glucuronidation
Elimination half-life10 hours
ExcretionRenal
Identifiers
  • 4-Amino-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-benzenesulfonamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.010.877 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC10H11N3O3S
Molar mass253.28 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point169 °C (336 °F)
  • Nc1ccc(cc1)S(=O)(=O)Nc2cc(C)on2
  • InChI=1S/C10H11N3O3S/c1-7-6-10(12-16-7)13-17(14,15)9-4-2-8(11)3-5-9/h2-6H,11H2,1H3,(H,12,13) checkY
  • Key:JLKIGFTWXXRPMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ or SMX) is an antibiotic. It is used for bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis and is effective against both gram negative and positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes.[1]

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and skin rashes. It is a sulfonamide and bacteriostatic. It resembles a component of folic acid. It prevents folic acid synthesis in the bacteria that must synthesize their own folic acid. Mammalian cells, and some bacteria, do not synthesize but require preformed folic acid (vitamin B9); they are therefore insensitive to sulfamethoxazole.[2]

It was introduced to the United States in 1961.[3] It is now mostly used in combination with trimethoprim (abbreviated SMX-TMP).[4] The SMX-TMP combination is on the WHO Model List of Essential medicines as a first-choice treatment for urinary tract infections.[5] Other names include: sulfamethalazole and sulfisomezole.[6][7]

  1. ^ "Sulfamethoxazole". DrugBank. Retrieved 5 November 2015.
  2. ^ Brunton L, Chabner BA, Knollman B (2011). Goodman and Gilman's The pharmacological Basis of Therapeautics. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. pp. 1463–1469. ISBN 9780071624428.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ "Sulfamethoxazole". Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Encyclopedia. Vol. 4 (3rd ed.). William Andrew Publishing. 2013-10-22. ISBN 9780815518563.
  4. ^ Kemnic TR, Coleman M (November 2022). "Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole.". StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30020604.
  5. ^ Roth L, Adler M, Jain T, Bempong D (June 2018). "Monographs for medicines on WHO's Model List of Essential Medicines". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 96 (6): 378–385. doi:10.2471/blt.17.205807. PMC 5996216. PMID 29904220.
  6. ^ "Sulfamethoxazole - Substance Summary". PubChem. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH).
  7. ^ "Sulfamethoxazole". ChemDB. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH). Archived from the original on 2012-12-15.