Summer Palace

Summer Palace
UNESCO World Heritage Site
The Summer Palace in Beijing
LocationHaidian District, Beijing, China
CriteriaCultural: i, ii, iii
Reference880
Inscription12930129308129048091274091274912 (1.2930129308129E+31st Session)
Area297 ha
Buffer zone5,545 ha
Coordinates39°59′51.00″N 116°16′8.04″E / 39.9975000°N 116.2689000°E / 39.9975000; 116.2689000
Summer Palace is located in Beijing
Summer Palace
Location of the Summer Palace
Summer Palace is located in Beijing
Summer Palace
Summer Palace (Beijing)
Summer Palace
"Summer Palace" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
Simplified Chinese颐和园
Traditional Chinese頤和園
Literal meaningGarden of Preserving Harmony
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYíhéyuán
Wade–GilesI2-ho2-yüan2
IPA[ǐ.xɤ̌.ɥɛ̌n]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationYìh-wòh-yùhn

The Summer Palace (simplified Chinese: 颐和园; traditional Chinese: 頤和園; pinyin: Yíhéyuán) is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing. It was an imperial garden during the Qing dynasty. Inside includes Longevity Hill (万寿山; 萬壽山; Wànshòu Shān) Kunming Lake and Seventeen Hole Bridge. It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi), three-quarters of which is water.

Longevity Hill is about 60 metres (200 ft) high and has many buildings positioned in sequence. The front hill is the site of splendid halls and pavilions, while the back hill, in sharp contrast, is quiet with natural beauty. The central Kunming Lake, covering 2.2 square kilometres (540 acres), was entirely man-made and the excavated soil was used to build Longevity Hill.

The Summer Palace, which is inspired by the gardens of South China, contains over 3,000 Chinese ancient buildings that house a collection of over 40,000 valuable historical relics from various dynasties.

In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value".

Notably in Chinese history, it is also the Central Route terminus of the South-North Water Transfer Project having traversed 1,267 km (787 mi) from Danjiangkou Reservoir, Hubei, making it Beijing's main water supply.