Svarga

Frieze of gandharvas and apsaras, residents of Svarga

Svarga (Sanskrit: स्वर्गः, lit. 'abode of light', IAST: Svargaḥ),[1] also known as Swarga, Indraloka and Svargaloka, is the celestial abode of the devas in Hinduism.[2] Svarga is one of the seven higher lokas (esoteric planes) in Hindu cosmology.[3] Svarga is often translated as heaven,[4][5] though it is regarded to be dissimilar to the concept of the Abrahamic Heaven.[6][7]

  1. ^ In Praise of the Goddess: The Devimahatmya and Its Meaning. Nicolas-Hays, Inc. 1 December 2003. p. 189. ISBN 978-0-89254-616-9.
  2. ^ Doniger, Wendy (2022). After the War: The Last Books of the Mahabharata. Oxford University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-19-755339-8.
  3. ^ B. K. Chaturvedi (2004). Shiv Purana. Diamond Pocket Books. p. 124. ISBN 8171827217.
  4. ^ Williams, George M. (27 March 2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. OUP USA. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
  5. ^ Muller, F. Max (5 November 2013). The Upanisads. Routledge. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-136-86449-0.
  6. ^ Hiltebeitel, Alf (30 October 2001). Rethinking the Mahabharata: A Reader's Guide to the Education of the Dharma King. University of Chicago Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-226-34054-8.
  7. ^ Craig, Edward (1998). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Index. Taylor & Francis. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3.