Swedish invasion of Russia

Swedish invasion of Russia
Part of the Great Northern War

The Battle of Poltava by Pierre-Denis Martin
Date1 January 1708 — 8 July 1709
Location
Result Russian victory
Belligerents
Russia Tsardom of Russia
Cossack Hetmanate
Kalmyk Khanate
Sandomierz Confederation
Sweden Swedish Empire
Cossack supporters of Mazepa
(from October 1708)
Warsaw Confederation
Commanders and leaders
Russia Peter the Great
Russia Aleksandr Menshikov
Ivan Mazepa
(until October 1708)
Ayuka Khan
Sweden Charles XII
Sweden Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt
Ivan Mazepa
(from October 1708)
Strength
192,000[a] 97,000[b]
Casualties and losses
21,675–26,248 combat casualties
Thousands froze to death
15,088–19,085 combat casualties
14,800–14,977 captured
13,759 froze to death

The invasion of Russia by Charles XII of Sweden was a campaign undertaken during the Great Northern War between Sweden and the allied states of Russia, Poland, and Denmark. The invasion began with Charles's crossing of the Vistula on 1 January 1708, and effectively ended with the Swedish defeat in the Battle of Poltava on 8 July 1709, though Charles continued to pose a military threat to Russia for several years while under the protection of the Ottoman Turks.

  1. ^ a b c Dorrell, Nicholas. The Dawn of the Tsarist Empire: Poltava & the Russian Campaigns of 1708–1709, Partizan Press (2009). pp. 52–62
  2. ^ a b Konovaltjuk & Lyth, Pavel & Einar (2009). Vägen till Poltava. Slaget vid Lesnaja 1708 (in Swedish). Svenskt Militärhistorisk Biblioteks Förlag. p. 39
  3. ^ Gordon A. The History of Peter the Great, Emperor of Russia: To which is Prefixed a Short General History of the Country from the Rise of that Monarchy: and an Account of the Author's Life, Volume 1. Aberdeen. 1755. pp. 266
  4. ^ Peter From. Katastrofen vid Poltava. Lund, 2007. p. 50


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