Sybaris

Sybaris
Σύβαρις
Sibari
Remains of the theatre of Sybaris
Sybaris is located in Italy
Sybaris
Shown within Italy
LocationSibari, Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy
RegionMagna Graecia
Coordinates39°43′0″N 16°29′38″E / 39.71667°N 16.49389°E / 39.71667; 16.49389
TypeSettlement
AreaApproximately 500 ha (1,200 acres)
History
BuilderAchaean and Troezenian colonists
Founded720 BC
Abandoned445 BC
PeriodsArchaic Greece to Classical Greece
Site notes
Excavation dates1960s
ManagementSoprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici della Calabria
WebsiteArcheoCalabriaVirtual (in Italian)

Sybaris (Ancient Greek: Σύβαρις; Italian: Sibari) was an important ancient Greek city situated on the coast of the Gulf of Taranto in modern Calabria, Italy.

The city was founded around 720 BC by Achaean and Troezenian settlers and the Achaeans also went on to found the nearby great city of Kroton 10 years later. Sybaris amassed great wealth thanks to its fertile land and busy port so that it was known as the wealthiest colony of the Greek Archaic world. Its inhabitants became famous among the Greeks for their hedonism, feasts, and excesses, to the extent that "sybarite" and "sybaritic" have become bywords for opulence, luxury, and outrageous pleasure-seeking. Sybaris also ruled over smaller colonies throughout the area, and had an acropolis at Timpone della Motta near Francavilla Marittima about 10 km distant.

The city of Sybaris was destroyed in about 510 BC by its neighbour Kroton[A] and its population driven out, but its colonies in the area continued to exist.[1]

It was replaced by a new colony under Athenian leadership in 444/43 BC which became the city Thurii built partially on top of the older city. Thurii was also destroyed in 193 BC but the Romans built the city of Copia on the same grid as Thurii, and parts of these cities are visible today.

The ruins of Sybaris/Thurii/Copia became forgotten as they were buried by sediment from the Crati river. The ruins were rediscovered and excavated from 1932. Today they can be found southeast of Sibari in the Province of Cosenza, Calabria, Italy.

  1. ^ Rethinking Collapse: the Fall of Sybaris (ca. 510 BC) and the Transformation of Greek Colonial Space https://francavilla.philhist.unibas.ch/it/rethinking-collapse/