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_vs_Ochoa_(COL)_(2).jpg) A taekwondo match at the 2020 Summer Olympics | |
| Also known as | TKD, tae kwon do, tae kwon-do, taekwon-do, tae-kwon-do |
|---|---|
| Focus | Striking, kicking |
| Country of origin | South Korea |
| Creator | No single creator; a collaborative effort by representatives from the original nine Kwans, initially supervised by Choi Hong-hi.[1] |
| Famous practitioners | (see notable practitioners) |
| Parenthood | Mainly taekkyon and karate,[a] some Chinese martial arts[citation needed] |
| Olympic sport | Since 2000 (World Taekwondo) (demonstration sport in 1988) |
 | |
| Highest governing body | World Taekwondo (South Korea) |
|---|---|
| First played | Korea, |
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | Full-contact (WT), Light and medium-contact (ITF, ITC, ATKDA, GBTF, GTF, ATA, TI,TCUK, TAGB) |
| Mixed-sex | Yes |
| Type | Combat sport |
| Equipment | Hogu, headgear |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Worldwide |
| Olympic | Since 2000 |
| Paralympic | Since 2020 |
| World Games | 1981–1993 |
| Taekwondo | |
| Hangul | |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | taegwondo |
| McCune–Reischauer | t'aekwŏndo |
| IPA | [t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o] |
Taekwondo (/ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdoʊ, ˌtaɪˈkwɒndoʊ, ˌtɛkwənˈdoʊ/; Korean: 태권도; [t̪ʰɛ.k͈wʌ̹n.d̪o] ) is a Korean martial art and combat sport involving punching and kicking techniques.[2][3][4] "Taekwondo" can be translated as tae ("strike with foot"), kwon ("strike with hand"), and do ("the art or way"). In addition to its five tenets of courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control and indomitable spirit, the sport requires three physical skills: poomsae (품새), kyorugi (겨루기) and gyeokpa (격파).
Poomsae are patterns that demonstrate a range of kicking, punching and blocking techniques, kyorugi involves the kind of sparring seen in the Olympics, and gyeokpa is the art of breaking wooden boards. Taekwondo also sometimes involves the use of weapons such as swords and nun-chucks. Taekwondo practitioners wear a uniform known as a dobok.
It is a combat sport which was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate and Chinese martial arts.[5][6]
The oldest governing body for taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organizational bodies for taekwondo today are various branches of the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), originally founded by Choi Hong-hi in 1966, and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo (WT, formerly World Taekwondo Federation or WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association.[7] Gyeorugi ([kjʌɾuɡi]), a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000. In 2018, the South Korean government officially designated taekwondo as Korea's national martial art.[8]
The governing body for taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo.
- ^ Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa. ISBN 978-89-358-0124-4.
- ^ "tae kwon do". OxfordDictionaries.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on January 9, 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "tae kwon do". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "tae kwon do". Cambridge English Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
- ^ "Flying Kicks: The Roots of Taekwondo and the Future of Martial Arts". Archived from the original on 1 March 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
- ^ "Brief History of Taekwondo". Long Beach Press-Telegram. 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-08-15. Retrieved 2008-07-03.
- ^ Kang, Won Sik; Lee, Kyong Myung (1999). A Modern History of Taekwondo. Seoul: Pogyŏng Munhwasa. ISBN 978-89-358-0124-4.
- ^ "Korea officially designates taekwondo as nat'l martial art". The Korea Herald. 2 April 2018. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
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