Adjacent repeated pattern of nucleotides within DNA
In genetics , tandem repeats occur in DNA when a pattern of one or more nucleotides is repeated and the repetitions are directly adjacent to each other, e.g. ATTCG ATTCG ATTCG, in which the sequence ATTCG is repeated three times.[ 1]
Several protein domains also form tandem repeats within their amino acid primary structure , such as armadillo repeats . However, in proteins, perfect tandem repeats are rare in naturally proteins, but they have been added to designed proteins.[ 2]
Tandem repeats constitute about 8% of the human genome .[ 3] They are implicated in more than 50 lethal human diseases , including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Huntington's disease , and several cancers .[ 4]
^ Tandem+Repeat at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Jorda J, Xue B, Uversky VN, Kajava AV (June 2010). "Protein tandem repeats - the more perfect, the less structured" . The FEBS Journal . 277 (12): 2673–82. doi :10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07684.x . PMC 2928880 . PMID 20553501 .
^ Duitama J, Zablotskaya A, Gemayel R, Jansen A, Belet S, Vermeesch JR, Verstrepen KJ, Froyen G (May 2014). "Large-scale analysis of tandem repeat variability in the human genome" . Nucleic Acids Research . 42 (9): 5728–5741. doi :10.1093/nar/gku212 . PMC 4027155 . PMID 24682812 .
^ Cui, Ya; Ye, Wenbin; Li, Jason Sheng; Li, Jingyi Jessica; Vilain, Eric; Sallam, Tamer; Li, Wei (April 2024). "A genome-wide spectrum of tandem repeat expansions in 338,963 humans" . Cell . 187 (9): 2336–2341.e5. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.004 . ISSN 0092-8674 .