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| Thanjavur District | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District of the Madras Presidency | |||||||||
| 1799–1950 | |||||||||
&sq=Qlik&lang=&file=File:British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg) Flag | |||||||||
| Capital | Nagapattinam (1799–1845) Tarangambadi (1845–1860) Thanjavur (1860–1950) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Establishment of the district | 1799 | ||||||||
• Modern Thanjavur District | 1950 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Thanjavur District was one of the districts in the erstwhile Madras Presidency of British India. It covered the area of the present-day districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Mayiladuthurai and Aranthangi taluk, Karambakkudi taluk of Pudukkottai District in Tamil Nadu. Apart from being a bedrock of Hindu orthodoxy, Tanjore was a centre of Chola cultural heritage and one of the richest and most prosperous districts in Madras Presidency.
Tanjore district was constituted in 1799 when the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Serfoji II ceded most of his kingdom to the British East India Company in return for his restitution on the throne. Tanjore district, which is situated on the Cauvery Delta, is one of the richest rice-growing regions in South India. It was scarcely affected by famines such as the Great Famine of 1876–78.